acetovanillone (apocynin)

07/15/2004 - "Results from this study indicate that apocynin inhibits Cox-2 synthesis and activity induced in monocytes by an increased oxidative tone and provide an explanation for the protective effect exerted by this compound in numerous cell and animal models of inflammation. "
02/25/2015 - "Therefore, apocynin could relieve inflammation in DSS-induced UC mice through inhibiting NOXs-ROS-p38MAPK signal pathway, and neutrophils play an important role. "
06/20/2014 - "The results revealed a remarkable effect of apocynin on attenuating the development of myocardial necrotic lesions, inflammation and fibrogenesis. "
01/25/2014 - "Moreover, pretreatment with apocynin notably ameliorated the state of oxidative stress, mitigated inflammation and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. "
02/04/2011 - "This new understanding of apocynin induced adaptation to ischemic stress and inflammation could suggest novel avenues for clinical intervention during ischemic and inflammatory diseases."

12/01/2013 - "The altered PK and metabolism of CPU86017-RS induced by hypoxia/oxidative stress are produced by mitochondrial abnormalities, NOX activation and ER stress; these abnormalities are significantly alleviated by apocynin or NAC."
09/01/2013 - "Hypoxia alters pharmacokinetics of argirein because of mitochondrial dysfunction that is alleviated by apocynin."
01/01/2013 - "In consistence with the myogenic responses, the hypoxia-mediated down-regulation of BKCa channel activity in uterine arteries of pregnant animals was reversed by apocynin. "
01/01/2013 - "Chronic hypoxia significantly increased pressure-dependent uterine arterial myogenic tone in pregnant sheep, which was abrogated by a Nox inhibitor apocynin. "
02/01/2010 - "Apocynin attenuate spatial learning deficits and oxidative responses to intermittent hypoxia."

11/01/2013 - "Apocynin thus warrants further attention as a potential anti-tumor drug. "
09/01/2015 - "In addition to that, acetovanillone enhanced cancer cell killing efficacy of cisplatin. "
04/22/2009 - "Vanillin and apocynin could inhibit the enzymatic activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), as revealed by an in vitro lipid kinase assay, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K activity was a mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration, and the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group in the vanillin structure was important for this inhibition. "
01/01/2015 - "Oral administration of DCM fraction showed significant reduction in tumor regression parameters, viable tumor cell count and restoration of hematological parameters may be due to presence of cucurbitacins B and E; betulinic acid; picrosides 1 and 2; and apocynin, as compared to the untreated mice of the control group. "
11/01/2013 - "Furthermore, in a xenograft model of prostate cancer with PLS10, apocynin suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in a dose dependent manner in vivo, with reduction of cell proliferation and vessel number in the tumors. "

05/01/2013 - "The protective effects of apocynin on kidney damage caused by renal ischemia/reperfusion."
05/01/2013 - "Apocynin, especially when used during ischemia, ameliorated these histological damages in different amounts in treatment groups. "
05/01/2013 - "Three I/R groups were treated by apocynin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) at two different time points (before ischemia and during ischemia). "
12/01/2011 - "This suggests that apocynin may increase antioxidant defense systems (GSH) to limit the degree of ischemia-induced cellular stress. "
07/01/2011 - "Apocynin was administered in the circulating perfusate at the onset of ischemia. "

05/01/2015 - "The apocynin treatment also attenuated increases in myocyte diameter and cardiac fibrosis. "
08/01/2010 - "Deficiency of Rac1 or apocynin administration reduced myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, resulting in improved myocardial function. "
01/01/2009 - "Apocynin attenuates tubular apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in transgenic mice independent of hypertension."
03/01/2013 - "Both apocynin and eplerenone significantly decreased SBP, and markedly improved diastolic dysfunction in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, accompanied with ameliorated oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis. "
01/01/2015 - "Protective and therapeutic effect of apocynin on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats."