N,N-dimethyl-4-anisidine (DMPA)

03/01/2000 - "DMPA is a safe and effective long-acting contraceptive agent; clinical attention should be directed to its most common side effect, irregular bleeding. "
01/01/2006 - "Our findings indicate that vaginal bleeding due to DMPA can be successfully treated, leading to improvement in continuation rates."
09/01/2012 - "The current study examined the effect of DOX compared to placebo in treating a current bleeding episode during DMPA use. "
01/01/2006 - "A total of 131 patients who reported vaginal bleeding while on DMPA were included in this study and 83 were treated with monophasic OCP. "
01/01/2006 - "In this study, we attempted to determine if treating DMPA-associated vaginal bleeding with monophasic oral contraceptive pills (OCP) raised continuation rates. "

08/01/1996 - " Only pain at menstruation was significantly greater in women in the OC group (because of the absence of regular flow in subjects in the DMPA group). "
08/01/2004 - "This study was done to see if pinching the skin, prior to injection of DMPA, would reduce the pain of the injection, as suggested by the gate theory. "
09/01/2013 - "This is a planned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing pain between DMPA-IM and DMPA-SC. "
02/01/2013 - "Half of the patients had recurrent pain five years after DMPA treatment ended."
02/01/2013 - "The cumulative recurrence rates of pain after DMPA treatment were 18%, 28%, 41%, 46%, and 50% at months 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60, respectively. "

02/01/2013 - "Sixty-one patients with symptomatic endometriosis, who had been treated with DMPA for 15 months and were satisfied with the treatment, were included in the present study. "
08/01/1996 - " It was concluded that, in selected women with highly symptomatic endometriosis, DMPA offers good analgesic results with tolerable side effects."
05/02/1994 - "The main indication was contraception, although a substantial minority (20%) were treated with DMPA predominantly for medical indications such as endometriosis. "
01/01/2012 - "Both postoperative DMPA and postoperative OC pills for 24 weeks were found to be effective and acceptable options for treating endometriosis-associated pain."
03/01/2006 - "Recently, a new lower dose of DMPA, administered as a subcutaneous injection, has been approved for use in the USA as a contraceptive and a treatment for pain associated with endometriosis. "

05/01/1996 - " A WHO hospital-based study of the relationship between endometrial cancer and DMPA use found a protective effect of DMPA which appeared to be longterm and as great as that associated with OCs. "
01/01/1995 - " Its hematological parameters are good and some studies showed that DMPA does not increase the risk of development of cancer of the endometrium, ovaries, and cervix. "
12/01/2001 - "Data on DMPA have shown a number of noncontraceptive and therapeutic benefits, the most prominent of which is an 80% reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer. "
01/01/1995 - " Higher doses of DMPA treat endometrial cancer. "
01/01/1995 - " DMPA use lowers the risk of endometrial cancer, and this protective effect lasts for 8 years after cessation of use. "

04/15/2012 - "However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between DMPA use and breast cancer risk. "
09/01/1996 - "A pooled analysis has recently been published, which brings together the data from 2 large studies of breast cancer risk associated with DMPA use. "
05/01/1996 - " Two major case control studies (one in New Zealand and the other under the auspices of the World Health Organization [WHO]) as well as a pooled analysis of these studies found no increased overall breast cancer risk in DMPA users. "
01/01/1995 - " A 1991 study suggests that the relative risk of breast cancer may increase after 4 years of use of DMPA in women under 35, however, according to a 1994 study, above this age the risk is minimal. "
03/01/1994 - "Two recent studies have considered DMPA use and risk of breast cancer and these and earlier studies are reviewed here. "