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leflunomide (Arava)

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inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway; antagonizes growth-factor mediated smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro; structure given in first source

Also Known As:

Arava; SU101; Aventis Behring Brand of Leflunomide; Aventis Brand of Leflunomide; Aventis Pharma Brand of Leflunomide; HWA 486; HWA-486; Hoechst Brand of Leflunomide; N-(4-trifluoromethyphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide; 4-Isoxazolecarboxamide, 5-methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-

Networked: 844 relevant articles (123 outcomes, 144 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Azoles: 413
    - Isoxazoles: 13
      - leflunomide: 844

Experts

1.	Strand, V: 12 articles (09/2014 - 02/2000)
2.	Emery, Paul: 9 articles (10/2005 - 02/2002)
3.	Smolen, Josef S: 8 articles (01/2014 - 06/2004)
4.	Emery, P: 8 articles (11/2007 - 05/2000)
5.	Strand, Vibeke: 8 articles (04/2005 - 01/2002)
6.	Breedveld, F C: 7 articles (09/2004 - 06/2000)
7.	Fadillioglu, Ersin: 6 articles (04/2014 - 05/2006)
8.	Cutolo, Maurizio: 6 articles (01/2014 - 01/2009)
9.	Rozman, B: 6 articles (08/2009 - 01/2001)
10.	Kalden, Joachim R: 6 articles (08/2005 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Rheumatoid Arthritis 10/01/2008 - "Leflunomide is an immunomodulating agent with proven efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. " 11/01/2000 - "In phase II and III clinical trials of active rheumatoid arthritis, leflunomide was shown to improve primary and secondary outcome measures with a satisfactory safety profile. " 12/01/2002 - "It has been shown that leflunomide is effective in treating active rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in a placebo-controlled phase II study. " 06/01/2012 - "Leflunomide, a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, has been shown to be effective in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). " 04/01/2002 - "Leflunomide, a new oral immunomodulatory agent, is effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. "
2.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease) 01/01/1991 - "Thus, leflunomide, which is effective against autoimmune diseases and reactions leading to graft rejection, would seem to have a mode of action separating it from known immunosuppressive drugs." 01/01/2012 - "Leflunomide (LEF) is effective not only in different animal models of autoimmune diseases and the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritisbut also in graft rejection. " 02/01/2010 - "In the present research, we studied the effect of leflunomide, a novel immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory agent against autoimmune disease, on hepatic regeneration after PH in Wistar Albino rats. " 11/01/2008 - "Leflunomide is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases as an anti-inflammatory agent. " 11/01/2004 - "Leflunomide is a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of autoimmune disease. "
3.	Viremia 08/27/2010 - "Leflunomide was initiated after a median of three episodes of CMV viremia, with a mean peak viral load of 245,826 copies/mL. Initial clearance of CMV viremia was observed in 14 of 17 patients (82%), and 9 of 17 (53%) patients achieved a long-term suppression of CMV recurrences. " 06/01/2012 - "Randomized studies are needed to determine the utility of leflunomide for BK viremia and nephropathy." 06/01/2012 - "Leflunomide has been studied for the treatment of BK viremia and nephropathy, but there are limited data on the utility of leflunomide therapeutic drug monitoring. " 08/27/2010 - "Leflunomide, alone or in combination, has potential utility in treatment of complex CMV syndromes and in long-term suppression of viremia. " 08/27/2010 - "Higher peak viral load and higher viral load at the start of leflunomide therapy were associated with failure to suppress viremia. "
4.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis) 01/01/2005 - "In this open study of patients with active AS only those with peripheral arthritis improved significantly with leflunomide treatment. " 02/01/2010 - "Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008)." 01/01/2016 - "This study included individuals enrolled in the Early Arthritis inception cohort at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 2000 and 2013 who received leflunomide. " 01/01/2014 - "To evaluated the effect and mechanism of leflunomide (LEF) in murine model of collage-induced arthritis (CIA) on modulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells. " 01/01/2014 - "Modulating effects of leflunomide on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in collageninduced arthritis DBA/1 mice."
5.	Psoriasis (Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris) 06/01/2004 - "Significant differences in favor of leflunomide were also observed in the proportions of patients achieving modified American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria, improvement in the designated psoriasis target lesion, and mean changes from baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores and quality-of-life assessments. " 12/01/2008 - "Is leflunomide effective in the treatment of psoriasis in a patient who is unable to benefit from standard first- and second-line therapies and needs an affordable treatment option?" 06/01/2004 - "Leflunomide is an effective treatment for PsA and psoriasis, providing a safe and convenient alternative to current therapies." 05/01/2004 - "Our data suggest that leflunomide for plaque-type psoriasis is a safe and clinically effective option as monotherapy. " 01/01/2006 - "Leflunomide has shown promise in the treatment of psoriasis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Methotrexate (Mexate)
2.	infliximab (Remicade)
3.	leflunomide (Arava)
4.	pyrimidine
5.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)
6.	Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
7.	Prednisone (Sone)
8.	Tacrolimus (Prograf)
9.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
10.	Cholestyramine Resin (Questran)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft)
5.	Organ Transplantation