phorbol

RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143

Also Known As:

Networked: 3136 relevant articles (28 outcomes, 183 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Surh, Young-Joon: 9 articles (10/2014 - 05/2002)
2.	Kazanietz, Marcelo G: 7 articles (05/2011 - 11/2005)
3.	Blumberg, Peter M: 6 articles (04/2015 - 07/2003)
4.	Hass, Ralf: 6 articles (01/2012 - 11/2005)
5.	Park, Kwang-Kyun: 6 articles (01/2012 - 08/2002)
6.	Angel, Peter: 6 articles (01/2010 - 06/2002)
7.	Chung, Won-Yoon: 5 articles (01/2012 - 08/2002)
8.	Elias, Peter M: 5 articles (01/2012 - 02/2003)
9.	Kedei, Noemi: 4 articles (04/2015 - 04/2008)
10.	Lorenzo, Patricia S: 4 articles (05/2014 - 12/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 04/01/1991 - "Previous studies in this laboratory and others have indicated that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the most potent skin tumor promoter known, evokes significantly greater inflammatory responses in phorbol ester-sensitive (SENCAR) mice compared to strains (e.g. " 10/01/2009 - "Targeted disruption of Stat3 in bulge region KSCs at the time of initiation also dramatically reduced the number of skin tumors (by approximately 80%) produced following promotion with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. " 03/01/2010 - "This study investigated the detailed mechanisms by which Snail upregulates gene expression of the CDK inhibitor p15(INK4b) in HepG2 induced by the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). " 12/01/2007 - "Structure activity studies with phorbol ester analogues revealed that the magnitude of activation paralleled tumor-promoting activity. " 10/01/2005 - "Previous data from two-stage carcinogenesis studies in mouse skin demonstrated that genetic control of susceptibility to skin tumor promotion by the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in crosses between susceptible DBA/2J and resistant C57BL/6J mice is a multigenic trait. "
2.	Inflammation 06/01/2001 - "The efficacy of these compounds in the inhibition of topical inflammation was confirmed by measuring reduction of ear thickness in the acute tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear swelling assay. " 06/01/2012 - "In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of Arisaema cum Bile extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. " 06/01/2009 - "In this study, we assessed the effects of phorbol ester (TPA)-sensitive PKC (c/nPKC) activation on the expression of adipocyte specific genes and inflammation related genes. " 01/01/2014 - "Ptafr-/- mice also exhibited increased chronic inflammation in response to phorbol ester application. " 01/01/2014 - "The MSU crystals-induced inflammation model in THP-1 cells was successfully established by the stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and MSU crystals. "
3.	Infection 08/01/2003 - "Two infections of EBV to lymphocytes, and the use of phorbol ester-induced EBV stock significantly improved immortalization efficiency and reduced the time between initiation and immortalization and cryopreservation. " 04/01/1993 - "However, flow cytometry studies showed that both A4 and LYCH accumulate in two cell types that can support lentiviral infections: U937 human monocytic leukemic cells that have been induced to differentiate by using tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and CRFK cells." 01/01/2015 - "The transcription and expression of the chpI, chpK, mazE, and mazF genes of Leptospira interrogans strain Lai were significantly increased during infection of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced human THP-1 macrophages. " 04/01/2012 - "We conclude that the MHV68 transcriptome is dynamic and distinct during de novo fibroblast infection and upon phorbol ester-stimulated B cell reactivation, highlighting the need to evaluate further transcript structure and the context-dependent molecular events that govern viral gene expression during chronic infection." 04/01/2012 - "During de novo infection, all open reading frames (ORFs) were transcribed and clustered into four major temporal groups that were overlapping yet distinct from clusters based on the phorbol ester-stimulated B cell reactivation time course. "
4.	Edema 01/01/2012 - "This study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Myagropsis myagroides (EMM) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ear edema in mice, and to clarify its underlying molecular mechanisms. " 05/01/2015 - "Among the synthesized compounds, compound 46 exhibited the greatest inhibition of ear edema in a phorbol ester-induced mouse model. " 02/01/2014 - "Local application of compound 2 (225 mM per ear) or 3 (174 mM per ear) inhibited the phorbol ester-induced auricular edema formation by 57 % or 86 %, respectively. " 01/01/2013 - "fulvellum (HFS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced mouse-ear edema. " 08/01/2012 - "nepalense on tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema were studied in this work. "
5.	Hyperplasia 07/01/2012 - "Although the skin of Mgat5(-/-) mice appeared normal, epidermal hyperplasia and proliferation of keratinocytes induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were downregulated in these mutants. " 06/15/2004 - "Phorbol-ester-induced hyperplasia of mouse skin is also accompanied by a significant induction of C4.4A expression in the multilayered, suprabasal keratinocytes. " 07/20/1999 - "Induction of the TGFbeta1 transgene expression also caused epidermal resistance to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced hyperplasia, with a reduction in both epidermal thickness and BrdUrd labeling compared with those in controls. " 07/23/1998 - "Phorbol ester-induced hyperplasia resulted in transgene induction and increased cutaneous vascularization in adult transgenic mice of these lines. " 03/01/1993 - "administrations of IFN-alpha, -beta or -gamma (2500 units) to mice being topically promoted with 0.1 or 1 microgram of TPA did not alter the epidermal hyperplasia induced by the phorbol ester. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
2.	Phorbol Esters
3.	Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate
4.	phorbol
5.	mezerein
6.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
7.	Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
8.	Calcium
9.	Calcimycin (A23187)
10.	Insulin (Novolin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
4.	Injections
5.	Microelectrodes