4-cresol (p-cresol)

04/06/2018 - "Although MSCs have the potential for tissue regeneration, their therapeutic efficacy is restricted by the uremic toxin, p-cresol, in chronic kidney disease (CKD). "
07/01/2006 - "Although further confirmation is warranted, the data may point to a novel treatment option for chronic kidney disease patients in view of the potential toxic effects of p-cresol and related substances."
01/01/2021 - "Herein, we developed, for the first time, a cheap and specific method for the extraction and quantification of p-cresol (pC) in real plasma samples of chronic kidney disease (CKD). "
05/01/2015 - "To determine the effects of supplemental fiber on plasma p-cresol, stool frequency, and quality of life (QoL) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. "
05/01/2015 - "Fiber supplementation lowers plasma p-cresol in chronic kidney disease patients."

09/01/2014 - "Because high plasma concentrations of p-cresol in early phases of CKD are predictive of progression to end-stage renal disease, the results of our study suggest that synbiotics deserve attention as possible tools to delay CKD progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). "
04/15/2019 - "The novel validated method was applied to compare the level of p-cresol in patients with chronic renal failure before and after dialysis (n = 24). "
07/01/2018 - "p-Cresol, found at high concentrations in the serum of chronic kidney failure patients, is known to cause cell senescence and other complications in different parts of the body. "
05/01/2016 - "To achieve a clearer understanding of the mechanisms responsible for neutrophil dysfunction recently described in dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF), the plasma concentrations of free p-cresol in healthy dogs (n = 20) and those with CRF (n = 20) were compared. "
09/01/2014 - "Effect of short-term synbiotic treatment on plasma p-cresol levels in patients with chronic renal failure: a randomized clinical trial."

09/21/2020 - "Effects of p-Cresol on Senescence, Survival, Inflammation, and Odontoblast Differentiation in Canine Dental Pulp Stem Cells."
01/25/2018 - "Our study demonstrates that TUDCA protects MSCs against inflammation and apoptosis in ER stress by PrPC expression in response to P-cresol exposure."
01/25/2018 - "As P-cresol is a toxic compound accumulated in the body of CKD patients and induces apoptosis and inflammation through reactive oxygen species (ROS), we observed ER stress-induced MSC apoptosis activated by oxidative stress, which in turn resulted from ROS generation. "
01/01/2014 - "Evidence that p-cresol and IL-6 are adsorbed by the HFR cartridge: towards a new strategy to decrease systemic inflammation in dialyzed patients?"
06/01/2018 - "In conclusion, our study represents the first evidence that SEV is effective in reducing p-cresol levels in CKD patients in conservative treatment, and confirms its beneficial effects on inflammation and lipid pattern."

07/01/2010 - "These findings suggest that p-cresol measurements may help to predict cardiovascular disease risk in renal patients over a wide range of residual renal function, beyond traditional markers of glomerular filtration. "
06/09/2014 - "The intestinal generation and absorption of p-cresol may be therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with renal dysfunction."
06/09/2014 - "Whether intestinal uptake of p-cresol itself is directly associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with renal dysfunction has not been studied to date. "
12/08/2012 - "This finding supports the association of p-cresol and cardiovascular diseases."
12/08/2012 - "High serum levels of p-cresol have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. "

01/01/1976 - "When applied as diagnostic tests for the stagnant loop syndrome, the phenol excretion showed 2 false negative results, the p-cresol excretion 3 false negative and 2 false positive results, and the indican excretion 6 false positive results. "
01/01/1976 - "The mean excretion of the compounds in the patients with the stagnant loop syndrome and in the control patients, respectively, was 77 and 2.3 mg/24 h of phenol (p less than 0.05), 164 and 39.5 mg/24 h of p-cresol (n.s.), and 369 and 41.5 mg/24 h of indican (p less than 0.01). "
01/01/1976 - "The urinary excretion of phenol, p-cresol, and indican was determined in 7 patients with the stagnant loop syndrome, 26 patients with coeliac disease, chronic pancreatitis, and partial gastrectomy, and 18 control patients. "