N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)

01/01/2023 - "Reactions of NAPQI with a wide range of biomolecules cause increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, some of the cellular events contributing toward liver toxicity. "
10/01/2022 - "When GSH is depleted, NAPQI covalently binds with proteins, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and thereby leading to hepatotoxicity. "
01/15/2010 - "We conclude that MT scavenges some of the excess NAPQI after GSH depletion and prevents covalent binding to cellular proteins, which is the trigger for the propagation of the cell injury mechanisms through mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear DNA damage."
10/01/2003 - "In the previous studies in which NAPQI was injected into the anterior chamber of mouse eye, we observed mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis in the lens epithelium, and activation of the nonlysosomal neutral protease calpain. "
01/01/2023 - "However at overdose it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and damage, often associated with metabolism to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). "

10/06/2017 - "Finally, intracutaneously applied NAPQI evoked burning pain and neurogenic inflammation in human volunteers. "
10/17/2023 - "It has been posited that the effect could be due to paracetamol and its metabolite, NAPQI, inhibiting pain signals in the spinal column. "
04/01/2019 - "These results show that the paracetamol metabolite NAPQI dampens excitability of first- and second-order neurons of the pain pathway through an action on KV7 channels."
07/01/2014 - "Recently published studies indicate that APAP and its metabolic product N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) are the primary ototoxic agents in this type of pain relievers. "

03/01/2023 - "Accordingly, the occurrence and outcome of APAP-induced liver injury in an obese individual with NAFLD would depend on a delicate balance between metabolic factors that augment the generation of NAPQI and others that can mitigate hepatotoxicity."
08/01/2014 - "Thus, the occurrence and the outcome of APAP-induced liver injury in an obese individual with NAFLD might depend on a delicate balance between metabolic factors that can be protective and others that favour large hepatic levels of NAPQI. "
08/01/2014 - "Unfortunately, these studies did not unequivocally established the mechanism(s) whereby NAFLD could favour APAP hepatotoxicity, although some investigations suggested that pre-existent induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) could play a significant role by increasing the generation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), the toxic metabolite of APAP. "

02/01/2001 - "STP (200 mg/kg) inhibited NAPQI synthesis through CYP inhibition, thus preventing both liver necrosis and mortality in rats."
08/01/1998 - "The primary cause of hepatic necrosis is rapid accumulation of NAPQI."
01/01/2023 - "However, safety concerns remain with the high dose of paracetamol due to the NAPQI-mediated liver necrosis. "
05/10/2013 - "It is well known that the NAPQI is a major intermediate of APAP, which causes necrosis of hepatocytes in rodents and humans. "
01/01/2011 - "The exact mechanism of acute liver failure secondary to acetaminophen toxicity is unknown, although a presumed mechanism of hepatocellular necrosis involving the accumulation of a toxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine) has been postulated. "

01/01/2011 - "The exact mechanism of acute liver failure secondary to acetaminophen toxicity is unknown, although a presumed mechanism of hepatocellular necrosis involving the accumulation of a toxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine) has been postulated. "
11/01/2018 - "Paracetamol overdosing may cause liver injury including fulminant liver failure due to generation of the toxic metabolites, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) and p-benzoquinone (p-BQ). "
09/15/2018 - "However, it is also the main cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the Western world, via the formation of its reactive metabolite, N-acetyl p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), and its covalent attachment to liver proteins. "
06/01/2020 - "Key Words: Acetaminophen poisoning, Drug-induced liver injury, Fulminant hepatic failure, N-acetylcysteine, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)."