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formoterol (Oxis)

arformoterol is much more selective for B2-adrenoceptor than the SS-isomer and metabolic sulfation is slower; aformoterol spelling for eformoterol was only used in one citation

Also Known As:

Oxis; 3-formylamino-4-hydroxy-alpha-(N-1-methyl-2-p-methoxyphenethylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol.hemifumarate; AstraZeneca brand of formoterol fumarate; BD 40A; Foradil; Schering brand of formoterol fumarate; arformoterol; eformoterol; formoterol fumarate; formoterol fumarate, ((R*,R*)-(+-))-isomer; formoterol, ((R*,R*)-(+-))-isomer; N-(2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-((2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)formamide, (E)-2-butenedioate (2:1) (salt)

Networked: 1009 relevant articles (220 outcomes, 425 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 58
- Amines: 1422
  - Amino Alcohols: 14
    - Ethanolamines: 12
      - formoterol: 1009
- Alcohols: 387
  - Ethanol: 16198
    - Ethanolamines: 12
      - formoterol: 1009
  - Amino Alcohols: 14
    - Ethanolamines: 12
      - formoterol: 1009

Experts

1.	Cazzola, Mario: 21 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
2.	Tashkin, Donald P: 19 articles (12/2014 - 01/2004)
3.	Cates, Christopher J: 15 articles (01/2014 - 01/2008)
4.	Cazzola, M: 14 articles (02/2015 - 01/2000)
5.	Buhl, R: 14 articles (02/2011 - 03/2001)
6.	Kuna, Piotr: 13 articles (10/2015 - 02/2002)
7.	Buhl, Roland: 13 articles (04/2015 - 08/2003)
8.	Papi, Alberto: 12 articles (12/2015 - 02/2008)
9.	Hanania, Nicola A: 11 articles (12/2014 - 01/2006)
10.	O'Byrne, Paul M: 11 articles (08/2011 - 01/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 07/01/2006 - "Significant clinical data support the use of formoterol in combination with ICSs for the treatment of asthma, with studies demonstrating improved pulmonary function and symptom scores and decreased need for maintenance ICSs and short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (SABAs) as relief medication. " 10/01/1990 - "We conclude that formoterol in a dose of 12 micrograms via MDI confers good protection against nocturnal asthma; this was only insufficient for some patients with severe asthma, and further studies with higher dosages in these patients are clearly indicated." 10/01/2004 - "Asthma-related QOL (total score) was significantly improved with formoterol treatment compared with placebo (P < 0.015). " 05/01/2002 - "Formoterol treatment resulted in significantly greater and earlier improvements compared with the other two groups in several criteria: PEF variability (17.9 +/- 2.5; 21.9 +/- 3.2; 23.7 +/- 3.3; P < 0.001); asthma symptom score (daytime) (1.6 +/- 0.5; 1 +/- 0.5; 2.0 +/- 0,5; P < 0.05); asthma symptom score (night-time) (1.2 +/- 0.4; 2.2 +/- 0.5; 16 +/- 0.6; P < 0001); and supplement alter butalin use (1.2 +/- 0.3; 1.8 +/- 0.5; 1.7 +/- 0.5; P < 0.05). " 05/01/1991 - "This suggests that formoterol may prove to be a very useful bronchodilator for the treatment of patients with asthma who have significant airway hyperresponsiveness or nocturnal symptoms and who require inhaled beta 2-agonists at least twice daily."
2.	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 01/01/2008 - "There are limited clinical trial data that demonstrate that arformoterol produces significant improvement in lung function in COPD; however, many of the subjects involved had marked baseline airway reversibility. " 01/01/2009 - "These studies demonstrated that treatment with arformoterol significantly improved various lung function parameters, overall clinical status and ability to function, as well as significantly reduced COPD exacerbations and use of rescue medication. " 02/01/2008 - "In these trials, COPD subjects administered nebulized arformoterol demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in lung function over 12 weeks." 05/01/2003 - "The results of this study showed that formoterol inhaled dry powder significantly improved exercise performance in patients with COPD and that this effect was at least partially independent of achieved bronchodilation. " 06/01/2008 - "In COPD patients not responding to the short-acting bronchodilator used in the spirometric test, formoterol promoted significant improvement in lung function at 30 min after of administration. "
3.	Inflammation 03/01/2007 - "Formoterol as a rescue therapy is effective in relieving symptoms by relaxing airway smooth muscle but is also likely to have important inhibitory effects on mast cells, plasma exudation and neutrophilic inflammation. " 06/22/2012 - "Lung epithelial-C/EBPβ contributes to LPS-induced inflammation and its suppression by formoterol." 04/01/2009 - "Formoterol alone, while providing symptom relief, was no better than placebo in protecting against the allergen-induced increase in airway inflammation. " 08/01/2001 - "There was no difference in the profile of exacerbations in any groups, indicating formoterol does not mask any signs of inflammation. " 09/01/1997 - "These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of formoterol in inflamed airways may contribute to the beneficial effects in the treatment of airway inflammation."
4.	Exercise-Induced Asthma (Asthma, Exercise Induced) 01/01/2000 - "Although formoterol, a new long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist, has a rapid bronchodilating action, no studies have previously examined whether it can provide equally rapid protection against exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). " 10/01/2002 - "Formoterol provides long-lasting protection against exercise-induced bronchospasm." 09/01/1997 - "Sixteen children aged 8-15 yrs with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) took part in the main trial comparing the protective effect of 12 micrograms formoterol inhaled at 60 and 120 L.min-1. " 07/01/1991 - "Noncomparative studies indicate formoterol also provides effective prophylaxis of exercise-induced asthma. " 01/01/2001 - "Formoterol is a highly effective therapeutic agent in the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). "
5.	Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath) 01/01/2014 - "Treatment with twice-daily aclidinium 400 μg/formoterol 12 μg FDC provided rapid and sustained bronchodilation that was greater than either monotherapy; clinically significant improvements in dyspnea and health status were evident compared with placebo. " 10/01/2008 - "Formoterol also induced a significant change in Borg score for dyspnea caused by the 6-MWT when compared with the pre-treatment values, whereas it significantly changed dyspnea induced by 12-MWT only after the first dose. " 02/01/2007 - "In this trial, patients with moderate to severe COPD administered nebulized arformoterol over 12 weeks were observed to have significant and sustained improvements in airway function and dyspnea compared with placebo. " 10/01/2008 - "We assessed the effect of a 5-day treatment with formoterol 12 microg twice daily on lung function, exercise capacity and dyspnea in 22 stable COPD patients, and compared 6-MWT with 12-MWT in evaluating formoterol efficacy. " 02/01/2007 - "At week 12, TDI focal scores were significantly greater with all arformoterol doses compared with placebo (mean [95% CI]: 15 microg BID, 0.97 [0.25-1.69]; 25 microg BID, 1.08 [0.3-1.86]; 50 microg QD, 1.04 [0.32-1.771), suggesting treatment-associated improvement in dyspnea, however, the difference between salmeterol and placebo was not statistically significant (0.36 [-0.40 to 1.12]). "

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4.	Albuterol (Salbutamol)
5.	tiotropium (Spiriva)
6.	symbicort
7.	Beclomethasone (Beclometasone)
8.	5- (2- (5,6- diethylindan- 2- ylamino)- 1- hydroxyethyl)- 8- hydroxy- 1H- quinolin- 2- one
9.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
10.	Terbutaline (Brethaire)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler)
2.	Metered Dose Inhalers (Metered Dose Inhaler)
3.	Dry Powder Inhalers
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Ambulatory Care (Outpatient Care)