estragole (methyl chavicol)

07/01/2023 - "Due to the high concentration of estragole (≥ 1%), the additive is classified as suspected of causing genetic defects and of causing cancer and should be handled accordingly. "
06/01/2010 - "These data also point at a potential reduction of the cancer risk when estragole exposure occurs within a food matrix containing SULT inhibitors compared to what is observed upon exposure to pure estragole."
10/01/2023 - "Due to the high concentration of estragole (> 1%), fennel oils are classified as suspected of causing genetic defects and of causing cancer and should be handled accordingly. "
04/01/2023 - "Due to the high concentration of estragole (≥ 1%), anise oil is classified as suspected of causing genetic defects and of causing cancer and should be handled accordingly. "
12/21/2020 - "The margin of exposure calculations showed that pulegone and estragole levels were high enough in some products to present a nontrivial calculated risk for cancer. "

01/01/2018 - "The estragole-containing preparations were analysed for their ability to cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle perturbation in the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line. "
12/01/1976 - "Estragole induced hepatocellular carcinomas by 15 months in 23 and 39% of the mice that received total doses of 4.4 and 5.2 mumoles, respectively, and lived to an age of 12 months or more. "
06/01/2010 - "In rodent bioassays, estragole induces hepatomas, an effect ascribed to estragole bioactivation to 1'-sulfooxyestragole resulting in DNA adduct formation. "
04/25/2014 - "The present study was undertaken to evaluate, in the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line, the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activities of estragole (1), contained in the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and suspected to induce hepatic tumors in susceptible strains of mice. "
12/01/1976 - "Approximately 20% of a dose of estragole, a naturally occurring flavoring agent, was excreted in the urine of outbred male CD -1 mice as a conjuage (presumably the glucuronide) of 1'-hydroxyestragole, Estragole and its 1'-hydroxy metabolite caused significant increases in the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas in male CD-1 mice that received the compounds by sc injection at 1-22 days of age. "

09/01/2022 - "polygyrus, the highest activity was observed with estragole administered at 100 mg/kg body weight (bwt), which resulted in a FECR of 90.86% and a TWCR of 82.91%. "
01/01/2011 - "Core and special study (rats only) groups of 10 male and 10 female rats and mice were administered 37.5, 75, 150, 300, or 600 mg estragole/kg body weight in corn oil by gavage, 5 days per week. "
12/01/1994 - "The ex vivo UDS test led to clearly elevated DNA repair for estragole and basil oil in rats treated orally with doses up to 2 g/kg body weight. "

01/01/2011 - "Under the conditions of these 3-month studies, estragole showed carcinogenic activity based on the occurrence of two cholangiocarcinomas and one hepatocellular adenoma in the liver of three of 10 male F344/N rats in the high dose group. "
01/22/2016 - "Since 1'-hydroxyestragole exposure readily produced DNA injury in B-13/H cells, these data suggest that cholangiocarcinomas generated in rats fed estragole may be dependent, in part, on SULT2B1 activation of the 1'-hydroxyestragole metabolite. "

03/01/2017 - "Chemical molecules isolated were described as promising use as antifungals in mycoses, highlighting estragole, 1,8-cineole, terpineol-4, γ-terpinene, among others. "
12/01/2010 - "The present study indicates that OSEO, methyl chavicol and linalool have significant antifungal activity against Candida, including azole-resistant strains, advocating further investigation for clinical applications in the treatment of fungal infections."