nitrofen (TOK)

11/01/2014 - "The offsprings with CDH were characterized by severe pulmonary hypoplasia (lung weight-to-body weight ratio: 0.0263 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0242-0.0278)] in the nitrofen group versus 0.0385 (95% CI 0.0355-0.0424) in the control group (P=0.0001). "
04/01/2010 - "The body weight and the lung weight of fetuses of all groups that were exposed to nitrofen were significantly decreased than of the control group (P < 0.05). "
01/01/2007 - "Kidneys were smaller in nitrofen-exposed animals vs control animals (group 3, 0.65 +/- 0.08; group 2, 0.62 +/- 0.09 vs group 1, 0.73 +/- 0.09% of body weight, P < .001), and there were no differences between right and left kidney weight in all the 3 groups. "
03/01/2005 - "Compared with controls, nitrofen-exposed fetuses had heart hypoplasia in terms of heart/body weight ratio (0.62+/-0.10% vs. 0.77+/-0.17%, p<0.05). "
10/01/2000 - "Excluding fetuses with CMD, the heart-to-body weight ratio was reduced significantly in animals exposed to nitrofen, whereas no significant differences were observed between non-CDH versus CDH groups. "

01/15/2015 - "Here we used time series of normal and CDH lungs in humans, in nitrofen-exposed rats, and in surgically induced hernia in rabbits to perform a systematic transcriptional analysis of the RA pathway key components. "
05/01/2003 - "Lungs from nitrofen-exposed fetuses with hernias (CDH) or intact diaphragm (nitrofen) and untreated fetuses (control) were studied on gestation d 21. "
09/01/1997 - "The lungs of nitrofen-treated fetuses were hypoplastic and those who had congenital diaphagmatic hernia were even more so. "
02/01/1997 - "Left-sided DH were observed in a "dorsolateral" position accompanied by PH in approximately 30% of GD 14 fetuses exposed to 25 mg nitrofen on GD 8. A minimal portion of liver was present in the hernia. "
12/01/1995 - "Endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein expression were assessed in ipsilateral CDH lungs and in control lungs (Nitrofen-treated, no hernia) at 20 d gestation using immunoblot analyses. "

09/01/1997 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether the amounts of circulating and lung tissue T3 and T4 are decreased in rat fetuses with nitrofen-induced pulmonary hypoplasia and diaphragmatic hernia. "
11/01/1996 - "In another set of experiments, the nitrofen rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernias was used to study the cellular mechanisms involved during epithelial and mesenchymal growth and differentiation in normal and in abnormal lungs. "
01/01/2012 - "Our objective was to evaluate the effects of long (2 and 2.5 days) versus short (1 day) TO on lung development in rats with nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia. "
05/01/2011 - "Prenatal use of TET can improve nitrofen-induced pulmonary hypoplasia, decrease the incidence of large diaphragmatic hernia and increase the survival rate of pup rats, possibly through a reduction in the production of TNF-α in fetal lungs and amniotic fluid in rats with CDH."
05/01/2011 - "The incidence of large diaphragmatic hernia in the TET treatment group was lower than that in the nitrofen group (P<0.05), and the expression of TNF-α in fetal lungs and amniotic fluid in the TET treatment group was also lower than in the nitrofen group (P<0.01). "

10/01/2007 - "These studies show that nitrofen may induce its associated birth defects via a mechanism involving apoptosis of undifferentiated fetal cells."
04/01/1984 - "The present study was undertaken to determine if teratogenic exposure to nitrofen alters pituitary-thyroid function in nonpregnant, pregnant, and fetal rats, and if these potential alterations could be related to induction of birth defects. "
02/01/2005 - "Therefore, nitrofen induces P19 cell apoptosis that is cell-redox-dependent and is associated with increases in p38 activity and ROS and may play a role in nitrofen-mediated birth defects."
02/01/2005 - "To characterize the molecular mechanisms of nitrofen-mediated birth defects at the cellular level, we explored its effects on undifferentiated P19 teratocarcinoma cells. "
10/01/2007 - "Nitrofen is a diphenyl ether that induces a spectrum of birth defects subsequent to administration to pregnant rodents, in which the molecular etiology of these defects are poorly characterized. "

01/01/2013 - "The nitrofen-induced CDH model is an established model to study the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in CDH. "
04/01/2015 - "Simvastatin has been shown to prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in experimental models of PH. We, therefore, hypothesized that antenatal simvastatin would attenuate PPHN in nitrofen-induced CDH in rats. "
01/01/2013 - "Down-regulation of the PPARγ-signaling pathway may lead to increased superoxide production, resulting in pulmonary vascular dysfunction and contributing to pulmonary hypertension in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. "
01/01/2012 - "ANG-1 TIE-2 and BMPR signalling defects are not seen in the nitrofen model of pulmonary hypertension and congenital diaphragmatic hernia."