violaxanthin

a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution); 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin & antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as ''violaxanthin cycle''; structure; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of ABSCISIC ACID biosynthesis

Also Known As:

5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-5,5',6,6'- tetrahydro-beta-carotene-3,3'-diol; zeaxanthin diepoxide; (3S,3'S,5R,5'R, 6S,6'S)-5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta- carotene-3,3'-diol

Networked: 14 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Azuma, Toshiaki: 1 article (08/2021)
2.	Horikawa, Manabu: 1 article (08/2021)
3.	Watanabe, Takehiro: 1 article (08/2021)
4.	Yamagaki, Tohru: 1 article (08/2021)
5.	Cirocco, Robert M: 1 article (12/2015)
6.	Facelli, José M: 1 article (12/2015)
7.	Robinson, Sharon A: 1 article (12/2015)
8.	Waterman, Melinda J: 1 article (12/2015)
9.	Watling, Jennifer R: 1 article (12/2015)
10.	Aumailley, Lucie: 1 article (01/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Dehydration (Water Stress) 11/01/2009 - "Violaxanthin de-epoxidation to form Z is typically a light-dependent process, but the formation induced solely by dehydration might represent an anticipatory mechanism for preventing early morning photodamage in desiccation-tolerant plants such as the fern Ceterach officinarum." 08/15/2021 - "The epoxide group of violaxanthin diesters opens easily after protonation; however, the dehydration did not proceed at this stage. " 05/01/2010 - "De-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin (Z) occurs when the tissue has lost most of its water and only after slow dehydration, suggesting that a minimum period of time is required for the enzyme activity induction. " 05/01/1988 - "During the imposition of water stress, the zeaxanthin content of leaves increased at the expense of violaxanthin and beta-carotene as a water deficit developed over a period of several days. " 10/01/1986 - "Dehydration of these plants resulted in a 4-8-fold increase in abscisic acid and a decrease in antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin, but no change in beta-carotene or lutein plus zeaxanthin levels. "
2.	Infections 07/08/1996 - "At low light, infection associated non-photochemical quenching is not linked to extensive conversion of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. " 12/01/2015 - "Xanthophyll cycle (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin; VAZ) and chlorophyll (Chl) pigments decreased in parallel in response to infection, hence, VAZ/Chl of the host was unaffected by C. " 08/01/2010 - "SCYLV infection influenced the concentration of several leaf pigments including violaxanthin, beta-carotene, neoxanthin, and chlorophyll a. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2011 - "Taken together, our results demonstrate the strong antiproliferative activity of violaxanthin on one human mammary cancer cell line, and suggest that studying the pharmacology of violaxanthin and pharmacomodulated derivatives on cancer cells may allow potent antiproliferative drugs to be obtained." 03/01/2004 - "Lycopene, lutein, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin had moderate effects, while alfa- and beta-carotene had no effect on the reversal of MDR in the tumor cells. "
4.	Iron Deficiencies 01/01/2010 - "The inhibitory effects on CO2 fixation, maximal and actual efficiency of PSII, chlorophyll synthesis, as well as the stimulation of the accumulation of violaxanthin cycle components and increase in non-photochemical quenching were the strongest in cFedef+Cad plants, otherwise these parameters changed parallel to the iron deficiency of leaves. " 01/01/2007 - "During the first 10 d of iron deficiency the concentrations of chlorophyll b and violaxanthin were greatly reduced, but all xanthophylls recovered after 13-17 d of iron deficiency, when both chlorophylls were negatively affected. "
5.	Starvation 12/20/2005 - "Detailed time-course evolution of the carotenoids lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, phytene and beta-carotene and the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll was followed upon transfer of Dunaliella bardawil cells to nitrogen starvation in presence and absence of norflurazon. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Zeaxanthins
2.	beta Carotene (Betacarotene)
3.	Chlorophyll
4.	antheraxanthin
5.	Lutein
6.	Xanthophylls
7.	neoxanthin
8.	Nitrogen
9.	Epoxy Compounds (Epoxides)
10.	Enzymes