geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (geranylgeranyl diphosphate)

RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer

Also Known As:

geranylgeranyl diphosphate; GGPP cpd; GGPP diphosphate; geranylgeraniol diphosphate; geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, (Z,E,E)-isomer; geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, 14C-labeled, (E,E,E)-isomer; nerylneryl diphosphate; diphosphoric acid, mono(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenyl) ester, (E,E,E)-

Networked: 65 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Hydrocarbons: 1713
  - Terpenes: 1461
    - Polyisoprenyl Phosphates: 3
      - geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: 65
- Organophosphorus Compounds: 300
  - Organophosphates: 1942
    - Polyisoprenyl Phosphates: 3
      - geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: 65

Experts

1.	Nishida, Shozo: 3 articles (10/2017 - 08/2011)
2.	Tsubaki, Masanobu: 3 articles (10/2017 - 08/2011)
3.	Crovella, Sergio: 3 articles (07/2011 - 06/2010)
4.	Marcuzzi, Annalisa: 3 articles (07/2011 - 06/2010)
5.	Pontillo, Alessandra: 3 articles (07/2011 - 06/2010)
6.	Hohl, Raymond J: 2 articles (01/2019 - 10/2011)
7.	Penn, Linda Z: 2 articles (01/2018 - 07/2002)
8.	Mou, Yun: 2 articles (01/2016 - 03/2013)
9.	Yang, Jian: 2 articles (01/2016 - 03/2013)
10.	Imano, Motohiro: 2 articles (01/2013 - 08/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance 12/14/2022 - "Statin-Induced Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Depletion Promotes PCSK9-Dependent Adipose Insulin Resistance." 12/01/2022 - "Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate depletion by statins compromises skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity." 12/01/2022 - "The protective effects of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and its precursor geranylgeraniol (GGOH) on simvastatin-induced insulin resistance were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. " 11/11/2016 - "The effect of simvastatin was reversed with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not with farnesyl pyrophosphate, implying that reduced protein geranylgeranylation has a role in simvastatin-induced insulin resistance. "
2.	Colonic Neoplasms (Colon Cancer) 03/28/2014 - "Interestingly, co-incubation with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) antagonized the inhibitory impact of simvastatin on colon cancer cell migration triggered by CCL17. " 02/15/2010 - "Mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate eliminated most of the growth inhibitory effect of ATST, but only marginally decreased that of gamma-TT; whereas farnesyl pyrophosphate and squalene exhibited little effect on the inhibitory action of ATST and gamma-TT, indicating protein geranylgeranylation, but not farnesylation are involved in the inhibition of colon cancer cell growth. " 11/01/2010 - "Atorvastatin rapidly induces apoptosis in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line in vitro, and this effect is reversible with mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but less so by farnesyl pyrophosphate. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/15/2013 - "The present study showed that the induction of apoptosis by N-BPs in hematopoietic tumor cells is mediated by mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways, which are activated by the suppression of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis. " 03/15/2021 - "Moreover, compound 8b inhibits geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis in MIA PaCa-2 cells which ultimately led to tumor cells death." 05/15/2014 - "We propose that reduced RhoA activation plays a dominant role in suppression of malignancy by KLK5, since geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate restored active RhoA in KLK5-reverted cells resulting in increased malignancy. " 01/01/2019 - "Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and/or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis and its implication in the treatment of cancers." 04/01/2005 - "The effect of GGA on cancer cells was partially prevented by the addition of geranylgeraniol, which is an intermediate of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and compensates geranylgeranylation of Rho. "
4.	Myotoxicity 01/01/2020 - "The administration of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) (or its precursor, geranylgeraniol [GGOH]) has been shown by several in vitro studies to be capable of abrogating statin-induced myotoxicity. " 02/01/2022 - "Combination treatment with statins and bezafibrate induces myotoxicity via inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis and Rho activation in L6 myoblasts and myotube cells." 07/01/1997 - "These results indicate that depletion of metabolites of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, and not inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, is the primary cause of HMG CoA reductase-induced myotoxicity."
5.	Stomach Neoplasms (Stomach Cancer) 12/01/2020 - "Reposition studies with mevalonolactone, farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in the presence of high and low FBS concentrations indicated that both isoprenoids and cholesterol reversed the antiproliferative effects of simvastatin in gastric cancer cells. " 09/05/2017 - "To investigate the role of mevalonate pathway involved in the mechanism of anticancer action of [Pt(en)]2ZL, the effects of farnesol (FOH) and geranylgeraniol (GGOH), precursors of important mevalonate pathway intermediates farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), on the cytotoxic effects of [Pt(en)]2ZL against the human gastric cancer cells SGC7901 were investigated systematically, since inhibition of the key enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in the mevalonate pathway was acknowledged as the mechanism of most anticancer actions of the ligand ZL. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	farnesyl pyrophosphate (farnesyl diphosphate)
2.	Mevalonic Acid (Mevalonate)
3.	Simvastatin (Zocor)
4.	geranylgeraniol
5.	Squalene
6.	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
7.	Cholesterol
8.	Terpenes (Terpenoids)
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
10.	Farnesyltranstransferase (Farnesyltransferase)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Spinal Injections
3.	Intraperitoneal Injections
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)