Abstract |
Vesication and skin irritation studies were conducted in hairless guinea-pigs to determine the vesicant and skin irritation potential of chemically-neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS). The CAIS are training items that contain chemical warfare-related material-- sulfur mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN) or lewisite (L)--and were declared obsolete in 1971. Animals were dosed topically with 'test article'--neat HD, 10% agent/ chloroform solutions or product solutions (waste-streams) from neutralized CAIS--and evaluated for skin-damaging effects (gross and microscopic). Product solutions from the chemical neutralization of neat sulfur mustard resulted in microvesicle formation. All agent-dosed (HD or agent/ chloroform solutions) sites manifested microblisters as well as other histopathological lesions of the skin. Waste-streams from the neutralization of agent (agent/ chloroform or agent/ charcoal) were devoid of vesicant activity. Cutaneous effects ( erythema and edema) were consistent with the skin-injurious activity associated with the neutralizing reagent 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH). Chemical neutralization of CAIS was effective in eliminating/reducing the vesicant property of CAIS containing agent in chloroform or agent on charcoal but was inefficient in reducing the vesicant potential of CAIS containing neat sulfur mustard.
|
Authors | E J Olajos, C T Olson, H Salem, A W Singer, T L Hayes, R G Menton, T L Miller, T Rosso, B MacIver |
Journal | Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
(J Appl Toxicol)
1998 Nov-Dec
Vol. 18
Issue 6
Pg. 409-20
ISSN: 0260-437X [Print] England |
PMID | 9840748
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
|
Chemical References |
- Arsenicals
- Chemical Warfare Agents
- Hydantoins
- Irritants
- lewisite
- Mechlorethamine
- 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
- Mustard Gas
|
Topics |
- Animals
- Arsenic Poisoning
- Arsenicals
- Blister
(chemically induced, drug therapy)
- Chemical Warfare Agents
(metabolism, toxicity)
- Guinea Pigs
- Hydantoins
(toxicity)
- Irritants
(toxicity)
- Male
- Mechlorethamine
(toxicity)
- Mustard Gas
(toxicity)
- Skin Diseases
(chemically induced, drug therapy)
- Time Factors
|