A study evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron in combination with dexamethasone in the prevention of delayed platinum-induced nausea and emesis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Chemotherapy-induced emesis is one of the most disturbing side effects of cancer therapy. Control of acute emesis has improved substantially during recent years, but control of delayed emesis and nausea remains a challenging problem. The role of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of delayed emesis is disputed.

METHODS:

Tropisetron, a highly specific 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was compared (as an adjunct to dexamethasone) with placebo in a randomized, double blind, multicenter trial for the prevention of delayed emesis during platinum-containing chemotherapy. Three hundred chemotherapy-naive women with gynecologic malignancies were included. The cisplatin dose was in the range of 50-100 mg/m2.

RESULTS:

Acute emesis was prevented completely in 87% of patients and acute nausea in 77% of patients in the complete series. During the complete delayed period (Days 2-6), total control of emesis was achieved in 77% of the dexamethasone and tropisetron-treated patients and in 72% of the patients receiving dexamethasone and placebo (P = 0.2473). During the same period nausea was controlled completely in 42% of the dexamethasone and tropisetron group and in 41% of the dexamethasone and placebo group. On Day 3, complete protection from nausea was achieved in 65% of patients receiving tropisetron and in 51% of patients receiving placebo (P = 0.0304). Constipation occurred more frequently in the tropisetron group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tropisetron added to dexamethasone improved control of delayed nausea on Day 3 compared with placebo. No significant differences were recorded regarding control of delayed emesis.

• Authors: B G Sorbe, A M Berglind, H Andersson, K Boman, T Högberg, M Hallgren, M Schmidt
• Journal: Cancer (Cancer) Vol. 83 Issue 5 Pg. 1022-32 (Sep 01 1998) ISSN: 0008-543X [Print] United States
• PMID: 9731907 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Antiemetics
• Antineoplastic Agents
• Indoles
• Serotonin Antagonists
• Tropisetron
• Dexamethasone
• Carboplatin
• Cisplatin

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Antiemetics (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Antineoplastic Agents (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (administration & dosage)
• Carboplatin (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Cisplatin (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Dexamethasone (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Drug Tolerance
• Female
• Genital Neoplasms, Female (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Indoles (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Middle Aged
• Nausea (chemically induced, prevention & control)
• Serotonin Antagonists (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Time Factors
• Tropisetron
• Vomiting (chemically induced, prevention & control)