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Renoprotective effects of felodipine and/or enalapril in spontaneously hypertensive rats with and without L-NAME.

Abstract
To determine the renoprotective effects of a calcium antagonist (felodipine) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril), alone or in combination, 10 groups of 19-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (with or without N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME]) were studied using renal micropuncture techniques. Group 1 (control), group 2 (felodipine, 30 mg x kg(-1) x d[-1]), group 3 (enalapril, 30 mg x kg(-1) x d[-1]), and group 4 (felodipine plus enalapril, 15 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) each agent) were studied after 3 weeks of treatment without L-NAME. L-NAME (50 mg/L) cotreatment was administered in drinking water to groups 6 through 10 using the same doses of each agent as in groups 1 through 4: group 5 (only L-NAME), group 6 (felodipine), group 7 (enalapril), and group 8 (felodipine plus enalapril). Groups 9 and 10 received L-NAME initially for 3 weeks followed by felodipine or felodipine plus enalapril, respectively, for the subsequent 3 weeks. All three treatments resulted in reductions in mean arterial pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance (P<.001) that were associated with important structural and functional renal microcirculatory improvements. Thus, the pathological nephrosclerosis (subcapsular and juxtamedullary) glomerular and arteriolar injury scores were improved (P<.05 at least) in association with normalization of afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances, and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, plasma flow, and blood flow were significantly improved, as well as the ultrafiltration coefficient (compared with group 5, L-NAME). Thus, the calcium antagonist felodipine, alone or in combination with an ACE inhibitor, not only prevented but also reversed L-NAME-exacerbated hypertensive nephrosclerosis in SHR.
AuthorsA Francischetti, H Ono, E D Frohlich
JournalHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) (Hypertension) Vol. 31 Issue 3 Pg. 795-801 (Mar 1998) ISSN: 0194-911X [Print] United States
PMID9495263 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Enalapril
  • Felodipine
  • NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Topics
  • Animals
  • Antihypertensive Agents (pharmacology)
  • Arterioles (drug effects)
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Enalapril (pharmacology)
  • Enzyme Inhibitors (therapeutic use)
  • Felodipine (pharmacology)
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate (drug effects)
  • Hemodynamics (drug effects)
  • Hypertension (drug therapy, physiopathology)
  • Kidney (drug effects, physiology)
  • Male
  • NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (therapeutic use)
  • Organ Size (drug effects)
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred SHR
  • Vasodilator Agents (pharmacology)

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