The Argentine vaccination schedule against
diphtheria,
tetanus and
pertussis (DTP) recommends three doses of
DTP vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, two boosters at 18 months and 6 years, a booster dose of
tetanus vaccine every 10 years and two doses during pregnancy. To evaluate the effect of this schedule,
antibodies against
pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous
hemagglutinin (FHA) and against
tetanus and
diphtheria toxoids were determined by ELISA in serum samples from children (1 month to 6 years) who received different doses of
DPT vaccine: 0 dose (n = 50), 1 dose (n = 25), 2 doses (n = 25), 3 doses (n = 55), first and second booster (n = 25); 25 pregnant women and their offspring, and 45 adults. High antibody levels against PT (> 140 EU/ml) and FHA (> 80 EU/ml) were recorded in mothers and in the newborn. Antibody titers against PT increased with the number of doses given and decreased with time. Full protection against
tetanus (titers > 0.1 IU/ml) was observed in the group of adults (0.37 IU/ml), in mothers (4.4 IU/ml) and their newborn offspring (5.5 IU/ml), and in children after receiving the second dose of
DTP vaccine (1.86 IU/ml). The immune status for
diphtheria was far lower, as most of the groups lacked adequate protection. After the third dose of
DTP vaccine, only 78% of the children had antibody titers above the protective level (0.1 IU/ml). Since antibody levels considered to provide full protection were only achieved after the first booster dose of
DTP vaccine, the primary three-dose schedule seems to be insufficient to confer adequate immunity in all vaccinees. Because of the high proportion of non-protected adults, a booster dose of Td
vaccine should be considered for this group.