Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived mediator, the synthesis of which is induced by various
cytokines during inflammatory processes. Recently, it has been proposed that
zymosan, a nonbacterial agent, causes
inflammation by inducing the production of various
cytokines and proinflammatory mediators. In the present study we investigated the role of NO in a nonseptic
shock model induced by
zymosan administration in the rat. Administration of
zymosan (500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in the rat induced acute
peritonitis, as assessed by a marked increase in the leukocytes count in the exudate, as well as by an increase in the exudate
nitrate/
nitrite concentration.
Zymosan-treated rats developed a severe
hypotension and showed signs of systemic illness, significant loss of
body weight, and a high mortality rate (53% of animals died within 72 h). Elevated plasma levels of
nitrite and
nitrate were also observed in
zymosan-treated rats compared with control rats (67 +/- 4 microM and 23 +/- 2 microM, respectively; p < .01). In ex vivo experiments, vascular reactivity was studied in thoracic aorta rings of
zymosan-treated rats. The contractile responses to
norepinephrine (100 nM) and
endothelin-1 (5 nM) were significantly reduced. An impairment of the endothelial-dependent relaxation in response to
acetylcholine was also observed. Pretreatment of
zymosan-shocked rats with
NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (
L-NAME) or
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously, 15 min before
zymosan) decreased mortality, prevented the development of
peritonitis, improved ex vivo vascular reactivity, and significantly reduced
hypotension. Our data suggest that overproduction of NO plays a role in the
zymosan-induced
peritonitis and cardiovascular derangements in the rats.