HOMEPRODUCTSCOMPANYCONTACTFAQResearchDictionaryPharmaSign Up FREE or Login

Phenobarbital mechanistic data and risk assessment: enzyme induction, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion.

Abstract
Chronic exposure to high doses of phenobarbital (PB) causes hepatocellular adenomas in both mice and rats and hepatocellular carcinomas in some strains of mice. Long-term PB therapy has not been found to cause human tumors. PB is not DNA reactive, and most genotoxicity tests have yielded negative results. PB has been extensively studied as an epigenetic, rodent liver tumor promoter. At exposures causing rodent liver tumors, PB has measurable effects on hepatocytes: PB inhibits cell-to-cell communication; PB induces enzymes, including P450 cytochromes; PB stimulates proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of hepatocytes in neoplastic foci. Threshold exposures for some of these endpoints coincide with the threshold exposure for tumorigenesis.
AuthorsJ Whysner, P M Ross, G M Williams
JournalPharmacology & therapeutics (Pharmacol Ther) Vol. 71 Issue 1-2 Pg. 153-91 ( 1996) ISSN: 0163-7258 [Print] England
PMID8910954 (Publication Type: Consensus Development Conference, Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Review)
Chemical References
  • Carcinogens
  • Phenobarbital
Topics
  • Animals
  • Biotransformation
  • Carcinogenicity Tests
  • Carcinogens (pharmacokinetics, toxicity)
  • Cell Division (drug effects)
  • Enzyme Induction (drug effects)
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms, Experimental (chemically induced, enzymology, pathology)
  • Mice
  • Neoplasms (chemically induced, enzymology, pathology)
  • Phenobarbital (pharmacokinetics, toxicity)
  • Rats
  • Risk Assessment

Join CureHunter, for free Research Interface BASIC access!

Take advantage of free CureHunter research engine access to explore the best drug and treatment options for any disease. Find out why thousands of doctors, pharma researchers and patient activists around the world use CureHunter every day.
Realize the full power of the drug-disease research graph!


Choose Username:
Email:
Password:
Verify Password:
Enter Code Shown: