Pentosan polysulphate (PPS), a highly negatively charged
polysaccharide, is a significant inhibitor of an isoenzymic form of a cell surface
protease referred to as
guanidinobenzoatase GB, associated with colonic
carcinoma tissues in frozen sections and free GB in
solution, in a concentration-dependent manner. However PPS failed to recognise and bind to the isoenzymic form of GB associated with normal colon epithelial cell surfaces.
Texas red labelled PPS (TR-PPS) binds to the tumour cell surfaces of colonic
carcinoma and
colonic polyps and these cells fluoresce red, whilst the normal colon cell surfaces failed to bind the TR-PPS, and hence lacked red fluorescence. Polysulphonated
suramin also selectively recognised and inhibited the colonic
carcinoma GB
isoenzyme. The kinetic data indicated that this inhibition was not caused by a mere polyanionic effect, since highly sulphated
heparin failed to show a significant inhibition of colonic
carcinoma GB, however
trypan blue did show 50% inhibition. Kinetic studies have also shown that PPS is a non-competitive, reversible inhibitor of colonic
carcinoma GB, with an apparent Km 6.8 x 10(-7) M. Gel analysis has shown that PPS binds to another site, distinct from the active centre, and after binding PPS changed the conformation of GB. These studies suggest that TR-PPS is a potent inhibitor of colonic
carcinoma GB, and can be used as a novel
fluorescent probe for the location of tumour cells in frozen sections of human colon tissues. PSS could also have potential as a vehicle for the transport of cytotoxic compounds to
carcinoma cells of the colon.