Diuretic efficacy of high dose furosemide in severe heart failure: bolus injection versus continuous infusion.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

The efficacy of high dose furosemide as a continuous infusion was compared with a bolus injection of equal dose in patients with severe heart failure.

BACKGROUND:

The delivery rate of furosemide into the nephron has been proved to be a determinant of diuretic efficacy in healthy volunteers.

METHODS:

In a randomized crossover study we compared the efficacy of a continuous infusion of high dose furosemide (mean daily dosage 690 mg, range 250 to 2,000) versus a single bolus injection of an equal dose in 20 patients with severe heart failure. The patients received an equal dosage, either as a single intravenous bolus injection or as an 8-h continuous infusion preceded by a loading dose (20% of total dosage).

RESULTS:

Mean (+/- SEM) daily urinary volume (infusion 2,860 +/- 240 ml, bolus 2,260 +/- 150 ml, p = 0.0005) and sodium excretion (infusion 210 +/- 40 mmol, bolus 150 +/- 20 mmol, p = 0.0045) were significantly higher after treatment with continuous infusion than with bolus injection, despite significantly lower urinary furosemide excretion (infusion 310 +/- 60 mg every 24 h, bolus 330 +/- 60 mg every 24 h, p = 0.0195). The maximal plasma furosemide concentration was significantly higher after bolus injection than during continuous infusion (infusion 24 +/- 5 micrograms/ml, bolus 95 +/- 20 micrograms/ml, p < 0.0001). Short-term, completely reversible hearing loss was reported only after bolus injection in 5 patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

We conclude that in patients with severe heart failure, high dose furosemide administered as a continuous infusion is more efficacious than bolus injection and causes less ototoxic side effects.

• Authors: T P Dormans, J J van Meyel, P G Gerlag, Y Tan, F G Russel, P Smits
• Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (J Am Coll Cardiol) Vol. 28 Issue 2 Pg. 376-82 (Aug 1996) ISSN: 0735-1097 [Print] United States
• PMID: 8800113 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Diuretics
• Furosemide

Topics

• Aged
• Cross-Over Studies
• Diuretics (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Female
• Furosemide (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics)
• Hearing Disorders (chemically induced)
• Heart Failure (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Infusions, Intravenous
• Injections, Intravenous
• Male
• Tinnitus (chemically induced)