Preclinical and clinical evaluation of once-daily aminoglycoside chemotherapy.

Abstract

The rationale for and effectiveness of extended dosage intervals for aminoglycosides are reviewed. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have a prolonged postantibiotic effect against a variety of common Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms: higher serum aminoglycoside levels are associated with a longer postantibiotic effect and increased bactericidal activity. Moreover once daily aminoglycoside administration may reduce the potential for adaptive postexposure resistance by allowing less contact time between bacteria and antibiotic. A longer dosage interval may decrease the risk of nephro- and ototoxicity. At least 33 published clinical trials suggest that once-daily administration of aminoglycosides and conventional regimens involving shorter dosage intervals are equally effective in patients with normal renal function and Gram-negative infections: besides, once-daily administration may reduce the frequency of aminoglycoside toxicity or delay it.

• Authors: P Periti
• Journal: Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) (J Chemother) Vol. 7 Issue 4 Pg. 311-37 (Aug 1995) ISSN: 1120-009X [Print] England
• PMID: 8568543 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Aminoglycosides
• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Lactams

Topics

• Aminoglycosides
• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (administration & dosage, adverse effects, blood, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Clinical Trials as Topic
• Colony Count, Microbial
• Drug Administration Schedule
• Drug Evaluation
• Drug Resistance, Microbial
• Drug Therapy, Combination (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacology)
• Humans
• In Vitro Techniques
• Lactams
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• Structure-Activity Relationship