Previously, some of us demonstrated that monocationic phosphonium
salt [4-(formylphenyl)methyl]
triphenylphosphonium chloride (A) and [4-(hydrazinocarboxy)-1-butyl]tris(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosph oni um
chloride (B) in combination, exhibit inhibitory synergism against ELA mammary
carcinoma. Here we show that A + B also exhibits synergism against cultured MB49 murine bladder
carcinoma, but antagonism against HT-29 human colon
carcinoma. This is probably due to assembly of the
hydrazone (C) in situ: synthetic C is a more potent
growth inhibitor than either A or B for MB49 and ELA, yet inferior to B for HT-29 cells. A, B, C, [4-(hydrazinocarboxy)-1-butyl]tris(3-tolyl)
phosphonium chloride (D) and [4-(methylcarboxy)butyl]
triphenylphosphonium chloride (F) selectively inhibit
carcinoma growth relative to untransformed cells, most likely due to high
carcinoma transmembrane potentials. D and F are tolerated in mice at 100 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal administration of D slows subcutaneous HT-29 xenograft growth by 41 to 59% versus controls in nu/nu mice, and intraperitoneal administration of B slows MB49 xenograft growth by 46 to 57% versus controls and extends the median lifespan of mice bearing ELA
breast carcinoma allografts by 86%. Triarylalkylphosphonium
salts represent a promising class of
antineoplastic cations exhibiting unusual selectivity and synergism.