A novel composite
hypertonic solution for intravenous use was tested in two experimental models, one of endotoxic
shock and one of
shock linked with
dehydration, both in anaesthetised calves. Endotoxic
shock was induced with Escherichia coli
lipopolysaccharide and was characterised by a
low cardiac output, hypoxaemia,
acidosis and
anuria. Treatment with a small volume of the
solution increased cardiac output, improved
oxygen carriage, corrected
acidosis and stimulated renal function. Experimental
dehydration in calves was induced by intraperitoneal
mannitol and
frusemide diuresis, and was characterised by reduced circulating plasma volume,
acidosis and poor peripheral perfusion. Treatment with the new
solution corrected the
acidosis and stimulated peripheral circulation significantly better than treatment with hypertonic or isotonic saline alone, and also expanded the calves' plasma volume. The new
solution was also compared with conventional
fluid therapy in clinical small animal practice. Twenty cats and dogs with clinical
shock were treated with either small volumes of the
hypertonic solution or large volumes of isotonic fluids. The animals treated with small volumes of the
hypertonic solution responded better than the animals treated with large volumes of isotonic fluid.