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Fatal, generalized bovine herpesvirus type-1 infection associated with a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine administered to neonatal calves.

Abstract
Generalized bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection was diagnosed in six Salers calves from the same herd. The calves had received an intramuscular injection of modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine between birth and three days of age. The purpose of this study was to determine if the outbreak was associated with the vaccine strain of BHV-1. Analysis of epidemiological data and BHV-1 DNA for restriction fragment length polymorphism was undertaken. Multifocal necrosis in multiple organs was observed on pathological examination, and the presence of BHV-1 in tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Forty-three calves (aged birth to thirty days) were vaccinated over an 11-day interval. The 10 deaths recorded for vaccinated calves were clustered over a subsequent 14-day interval. Mortality in calves vaccinated between birth and three days of age was significantly higher than in nonvaccinated calves (chi-square test; p < or = 0.025), and this mortality was characterized by a greater age at death and duration of illness for vaccinated calves (t test; p < or = 0.001). The patterns of the restriction fragments, generated by six restriction endonucleases, of BHV-1 isolated from a necropsied calf and from the vaccine were identical, and different from that of a laboratory strain of BHV-1 (P8-2). These findings support the conclusion that newborn calves were susceptible to an intramuscularly injected vaccine strain of BHV-1, and that administration of an intramuscular modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine to neonatal calves may not be an innocuous procedure.
AuthorsL A Bryan, R A Fenton, V Misra, D M Haines
JournalThe Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne (Can Vet J) Vol. 35 Issue 4 Pg. 223-8 (Apr 1994) ISSN: 0008-5286 [Print] Canada
PMID8076277 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Viral Vaccines
Topics
  • Alberta (epidemiology)
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Antigens, Viral (analysis)
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases (diagnosis, epidemiology, microbiology)
  • Disease Outbreaks (veterinary)
  • Female
  • Herpesviridae Infections (diagnosis, epidemiology, microbiology, veterinary)
  • Herpesvirus 1, Bovine (isolation & purification)
  • Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human (immunology)
  • Respiratory Tract Infections (diagnosis, microbiology, veterinary)
  • Vaccines, Attenuated (adverse effects, immunology)
  • Viral Vaccines (adverse effects, immunology)

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