Behavioral science plays an integral, essential role in
cancer control. This review examines that role in two broad areas: (1) in the development and implementation of
cancer control technologies, and (2) in the emerging focus on the process of translating
cancer research into clinical practice. In developing and implementing
cancer control technologies, what we know of human processes as a result of behavioral science is identified as the common link in all stages of the
cancer process (prevention, detection, treatment, rehabilitation,
terminal care). The value of behavioral science is shown in conservative projections (incorporating likely rates of patient noncooperation) of the health benefits obtainable by the year 2000 if effective behavioral strategies in three key areas were broadly implemented. Smoking prevention and cessation programs could lead to 7.2 million fewer smokers; application of
cancer screening programs might result in 45,000 additional 5-year cancer survivors each year; and behavioral programs could lead to improved quality of life in 150,000 patients per year who experience treatment side effects despite the use of
antiemetics. Behavioral science also is shown to contribute to translational science by providing a pragmatic conceptual model for clinical practice and facilitating collaborative research between basic scientists and clinical researchers. As an example of behavioral science's contribution to translational research, behavioral issues in genetic screening for
cancer risk are outlined based on the experience of several families with the BRCA1
genetic marker and patients with
Huntington's disease.