To explore the pathogenesis of diabetes associated
osteopenia, we characterized the
osteopenia in
streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats pharmacologically and biochemically. The femur metaphyseal bone mineral density measured by single photon absorptiometry decreased time-dependently in the STZ rats compared with that in control, and the difference reached statistical significance from 2 weeks
after treatment with STZ. Closely similar bone loss was obtained in ovariectomized (Ovx) and
vitamin D deficient(D(-)) rats. Daily oral treatment with a
bone resorption inhibitor,
FR78844 (a
bisphosphonate compound, 100 mg/kg), for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the
osteopenia in the STZ and Ovx rats, but not in the D(-) rats, while
1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-(OH)D3) significantly attenuated the
osteopenia in the STZ and D(-) rats in a dose of 0.1 microgram/kg/day, and that in the Ovx rats in 1 microgram/kg/day. The latter dose of 1 alpha-(OH)D3 significantly increased the metaphyseal bone mineral density of the femur in normal rats. Serum levels of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha, 25-(
OH)2D), the most active metabolite of
vitamin D, hardly changed in the Ovx rats compared with that in control, but decreased to 24 and 76% that of control in the STZ and D(-) rats, respectively. Serum PTH levels in the STZ, Ovx and D(-) rats were comparable with those in controls, but serum
calcitonin levels were reduced to 60 and 66% of control in the STZ and Ovx rats, respectively. Serum
osteocalcin levels also decreased in the STZ rats compared to control. It is thus speculated that the predominance of
bone resorption over bone formation and the reduction of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes associated
osteopenia.