[Sulfadiazine nephrolithiasis and nephropathy].

Abstract

Sulfadiazine-nephropathy and -nephrolithiasis were well known complications of high dose sulfadiazine therapy 50 years ago. In the last few years high dose sulfadiazine therapy has been widely used for treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients. As a consequence sulfadiazine-nephropathy and -nephrolithiasis have become increasingly common. We describe 2 patients with the typical picture of these complications. Therapy is based on the fact that the solubility of sulfadiazine and its acetylated metabolite are markedly improved at higher urine-pH levels. Urine alkalinization is also effective for prophylaxis during sulfadiazine treatment. We present our guidelines for prophylaxis and treatment of these complications.

• Authors: H Furrer, J von Overbeck, P Jaeger, B Hess
• Journal: Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift (Schweiz Med Wochenschr) Vol. 124 Issue 46 Pg. 2100-5 (Nov 19 1994) ISSN: 0036-7672 [Print] Switzerland
• Vernacular Title: Sulfadiazin-Nephrolithiasis und-Nephropathie.
• PMID: 7973549 (Publication Type: Case Reports, English Abstract, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Bicarbonates
• Sulfadiazine

Topics

• AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (drug therapy)
• Adult
• Bicarbonates (therapeutic use)
• Fluid Therapy
• HIV Infections (complications)
• Humans
• Hydronephrosis (chemically induced)
• Kidney Calculi (chemically induced, chemistry)
• Male
• Sulfadiazine (adverse effects, analysis, therapeutic use)
• Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral (complications, drug therapy)
• Ureteral Calculi (chemically induced, chemistry)