A previous study has shown that lipophilic
prodrugs can be delivered efficiently to normal lung endothelium by incorporation into
liposomes covalently conjugated to
monoclonal antibody (mAb) 34A against the lung endothelial
anticoagulant protein thrombomodulin. In the present study, the potential use of these lung-targeted immunoliposomes (34A-liposomes) for delivery of a lipophilic
prodrug,
3',5'-O-dipalmitoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (dpFUdR), to the
tumor-bearing lung was examined using BALB/c mice bearing experimental lung
metastasis induced by i.v. injection of EMT-6 mouse mammary
tumor cells. Immunohistochemical examination of the
tumor-bearing lung showed specificity of mAb 34A to lung endothelium.
Tumor cells appeared to localize just outside of the normal blood vessels and were within a small diffusion distance from the mAb 34A-binding sites. 111In-labeled 34A-liposomes containing monosialoganglioside (GM1) were prepared that included [3H]-dpFUdR at 3.0 mol% in the
lipid mixture. In vitro cell binding studies further demonstrated that 34A-liposomes bound specifically to normal mouse lung cells that expressed
thrombomodulin but not to EMT-6 cells. Biodistribution study showed efficient and immunospecific accumulation of [3H]-dpFUdR incorporated into 34A-liposomes in the lung at a level parallel with that of 111In-labeled 34A-liposomes, indicating that the
drug is delivered to the target organ in intact
liposomes. Liposomal dpFUdR appeared to be metabolized in the lung to the parent
drug FUdR at a rate slower than in the liver and spleen. Furthermore, treatment of lung-
metastasis-bearing mice with dpFUdR incorporated into 34A-liposomes on days 1 and 3 after
tumor cell injection resulted in a significant increase in the median survival time of treated mice as compared with control mice (%T/C value, 165%). dpFUdR either dispersed in
emulsion or incorporated into antibody-free
liposomes was ineffective in prolonging the survival of mice. These results indicate the potential effectiveness of organ-specific immunoliposomes containing a lipophilic
prodrug for the targeted
therapy of metastatic
tumors.