In the late 1960s and early 1970s a mass campaign of
iodized oil injections was carried out in Papua New Guinea as an interim measure to improve
iodine status in the population and to prevent endemic goitre and
endemic cretinism. Following informal reports of children with neurological abnormalities resembling
endemic cretinism in two areas of Madang Province, the Simbai and
Tep-
Tep Subdistricts, surveys were conducted in these areas in 1985 to establish prevalence rates of goitre and
cretinism in order to determine whether they had returned as public health problems. 42% of the Simbai population and 38% of the
Tep-
Tep population attended for examination. Amongst those surveyed, the visible goitre rate was low: 0.1% in the Simbai and 2.5% in the
Tep-
Tep area. Although the
iodized oil patrols were carried out a decade previously, goitre does not seem to have re-emerged in the area to the levels reported previously. In the Simbai villages surveyed, there were nine individuals diagnosed as suffering from
cretinism, three of whom were thought to have been born after the last
iodized oil patrol in the area. In the
Tep-
Tep villages, eight subjects were diagnosed as suffering from
cretinism, all of whom were thought to have been born before the
iodized oil patrols. A number of younger children with neurological abnormalities which did not fulfil criteria for
endemic cretinism were also seen in both areas. Because of the difficulties in diagnosing
endemic cretinism in young children, it is not possible to conclude that
endemic cretinism is no longer a problem in these areas. More work is needed to confirm the results of these studies. This will enable a rational control program to be designed and implemented.