6-CH3-3H-Mitomycin C (MC) was used to identify
MC-DNA adducts formed in EMT6 mouse mammary
tumor cells.
DNA was isolated from cells treated with 3H-MC. The
DNA was enzymatically digested, and the digest was analyzed for 3H-labeled adducts by high performance liquid chromatography. All four major adducts previously isolated and characterized in cell-free systems were detected: two different monoadducts and two bisadducts forming
DNA-interstrand and
DNA-intrastrand cross-links, respectively. No
MC-DNA adducts other than the
DNA interstrand cross-link had been shown previously to be formed in living cells. A MC-
deoxyguanosine adduct of unknown structure was also detected in
DNA from EMT6 cells; this adduct was also formed with purified EMT6
DNA. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was further applied to study the relationship between
DNA adducts and cytotoxicity. The number of adducts increased with the concentration of MC in both aerobic and hypoxic cells. At a constant
drug level, more adducts were observed in cells treated under hypoxic conditions than in cells treated aerobically; at 2 microM MC, 4.8 x 10(-7) and 3.1 x 10(-7) adducts/
nucleotide were observed under hypoxic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The increased adduct frequency under
hypoxia correlates with the known increased cytotoxicity of MC to EMT6 cells under hypoxic conditions. In addition, a higher ratio of cross-linked adducts to monoadducts was observed in hypoxic cells. The high performance liquid chromatography techniques were also used to examine the effects of
dicumarol (
DIC) on adduct patterns in cells treated simultaneously with 3H-MC. The
MC-DNA adduct frequencies in
DIC-treated cells were increased 1.5-fold under
hypoxia and decreased 1.6-fold under aerobic conditions from those observed without
DIC. This finding correlates with the known
DIC-induced increase and decrease in the cytotoxicity of MC in hypoxic and aerobic EMT6 cells, respectively. The monoadduct resulting from monofunctionally activated MC was suppressed by
DIC under both hypoxic and aerobic conditions. In addition,
DIC induced the selective formation of an unknown
DNA-associated radiolabeled substance in hypoxic cells; this is hypothesized to be a cytotoxic DNA lesion produced by a
DIC-stimulated oxido-
reductase. The methodology developed to measure MC adduct patterns may be useful as an
indicator of distinct enzymatic activation processes for this
drug.