Acadesine extends the window of protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning in conscious rabbits.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Ischaemic preconditioning protects myocardium from infarction if the reperfusion interval between the brief and prolonged ischaemic intervals is less than 1 h. In anaesthetised rabbits acadesine (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside, AICAR), an adenosine enhancer which increases tissue adenosine during ischaemia, prolongs the window of protection to 2 h. The aim of this study was to try to determine the maximum extension of this window of protection, using chronically instrumented, unsedated rabbits.

METHODS:

Rabbits were instrumented with a balloon occluder around a major branch of the left coronary artery for reversible coronary occlusion. Five to seven days after surgery all animals underwent a 30 min coronary occlusion. Animals were randomised to one of seven groups: (1) No additional treatment (control); (2) Ischaemic preconditioning with 5 min regional ischaemia followed by 10 min reperfusion before the 30 min coronary occlusion; (3) and (4) Ischaemic preconditioning followed by 2 or 4 h of reperfusion before the 30 min occlusion, respectively; (5) Treatment with acadesine (2.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 intravenously for 5 min and then 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 beginning 45 min before and continuing until 30 min after release of the 30 min occlusion) without ischaemic preconditioning; (6) and (7) Treatment with the higher dose of acadesine for 5 min beginning 35 min before the 5 min ischaemic period, and then the lower dose continuing until 30 min after release of the 30 min coronary occlusion in rabbits with 4 or 6 h reperfusion intervals, respectively.

RESULTS:

Rabbits with ischaemic preconditioning with 10 min reperfusion preceding the 30 min coronary occlusion (group 2) had only 5.6(SEM 1.1)% infarction of the ischaemic zone. Ischaemic preconditioning followed by 2 h reperfusion (group 3) offered continued protection [18.2(2.2)% infarction] as compared to control animals [37.7(2.6)% infarction]. However, protection waned if ischaemic preconditioning was followed by 4 h reperfusion (group 4) [36.7(3.0)% infarction]. Additionally, treatment with acadesine alone did not modify infarct size (group 7) [39.5(4.0)%], but acadesine largely restored the protection of ischaemic preconditioning despite a 4 h reperfusion interval (group 5) [20.4(3.0)% infarction, P < 0.01 v control]. However, when reperfusion was extended to 6 h (group 6) acadesine could no longer restore protection [36.2(0.9)% infarction].

CONCLUSIONS:

The protection afforded by a 5 min ischaemic preconditioning period lasts from 2 to 4 h in the awake, unsedated rabbit, and acadesine can extend the duration of this window of protection to at least 4 h but not to 6 h.

• Authors: B Burckhartt, X M Yang, A Tsuchida, K M Mullane, J M Downey, M V Cohen
• Journal: Cardiovascular research (Cardiovasc Res) Vol. 29 Issue 5 Pg. 653-7 (May 1995) ISSN: 0008-6363 [Print] England
• PMID: 7606753 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Ribonucleosides
• Aminoimidazole Carboxamide
• acadesine
• Adenosine

Topics

• Adenosine (metabolism)
• Aminoimidazole Carboxamide (analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use)
• Animals
• Disease Models, Animal
• Myocardial Infarction (prevention & control)
• Myocardial Ischemia (metabolism)
• Myocardial Reperfusion
• Myocardium (metabolism)
• Rabbits
• Ribonucleosides (therapeutic use)
• Time Factors
• Ventricular Fibrillation (prevention & control)