Selectins are
cell adhesion molecules known to support the initial attachment of leukocytes to inflamed vascular endothelium through their recognition of
carbohydrate ligands such as the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx (Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc-). In the present study, we describe the inhibition of L- and
P-selectin function by
inositol polyanions, simple 6-carbon ring structures that have multiple
ester-linked
phosphate or
sulfate groups. In a purified component competition assay, binding of L- and
P-selectin-Ig fusion
proteins to immobilized
bovine serum albumin-sialyl Lewisx neoglycoprotein was inhibited by
inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6, IC50 = 2.1 +/- 1.4 microM and 160 +/- 40 microM), by
inositol pentakisphosphate (
InsP5, IC50 = 1.4 +/- 0.2 and 260 +/- 40 microM), and by
inositol hexakissulfate (InsS6, IC50 = 210 +/- 80 microM and 2.8 +/- 0.9 mM);
E-selectin-Ig binding was unaffected.
Inositol polyanions diminished the adhesion of LS180 colon
carcinoma cells to plates coated with L- and
P-selectin-Ig but not with
E-selectin-Ig.
Inositol polyanions blocked polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to COS cells expressing recombinant transmembrane
P-selectin but not to those expressing
E-selectin. In addition,
inositol polyanions diminished PMN adhesion to activated endothelial cells under rotation-induced shear stress, a process known to require
L-selectin function. In vivo, the effects of
inositol polyanions were studied in two murine models of acute
inflammation. Intravenously administered InsP6 (two doses of 40 mumol/kg) inhibited PMN accumulation in thioglycolate-induced
inflammation (55 +/- 10% inhibition) and in
zymosan-induced
inflammation (61 +/- 4% inhibition).
InsP5 and InsS6 also inhibited
inflammation in these models, although higher doses were required for InsS6. In conclusion,
inositol polyanions are noncarbohydrate small molecules that inhibit L- and
P-selectin function in vitro and
inflammation in vivo.