The selectivity, peripheral vs. central actions, of the antidopaminergic agent
L-646,462 was assessed in two ways. First, elevation of
prolactin in serum (peripheral) and
homovanillic acid in the striatum were measured in rats.
L-646,462 was found to have a central/peripheral activity ratio of 143, whereas comparable values derived for
haloperidol,
metoclopramide and
domperidone were 1.4, 9.4 and 1305, respectively. Second, the ID50 values required to block
apomorphine-induced
emesis in beagles (peripheral receptor-mediated response) were compared with those required to block
apomorphine-induced stereotypy (central receptor-mediated response) in rats. Central/peripheral ID50 ratios of 234, 9.2, 129 and 7040 were obtained, respectively, for
L-646,462,
haloperidol,
metoclopramide and
domperidone. The selectivity of
L-646,462 for peripheral
serotonin (5-HT) receptors in rats was determined by measuring its effectiveness in blocking 5-HT-induced paw
edema (peripheral response) and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitch (central response); a ratio of 114 was obtained. This value agrees nicely with the ratio of 143 derived in the rat ( vide supra) for peripheral selectivity for
dopamine receptors.
L-646,462 is, therefore, selective in vivo, preferentially blocking
dopamine and
5-HT receptors located outside the blood-brain barrier. With regard to
dopamine-receptors,
L-646,462 was about equipotent and more selective than
metoclopramide, while being less potent and less selective than
domperidone. Unlike
metoclopramide or
domperidone,
L-646,462 also possessed a reasonably potent
5-HT receptor antagonist effect in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)