[Prevention of calculus recurrence in impaired kidney function].

Abstract

The pathophysiologic consequences of renal function impairment and chronic renal failure among others result from the loss of excretory and regulatory functions of the kidneys. The role of the exchange of cellular hydrogen ions of tubular fluid in the reabsorption of bicarbonate and in the urinary excretion of titratable acid and ammonia (acid-base regulation) is outlined. The effects of decreased glomerular filtration rate on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis are discussed. De novo urolithiasis in these patients is uncommon. However, it is well recognized that they may form matrix stones with calcium oxalate inclusions. Of greater significance is the prophylaxis in those patients, in whom urolithiasis has been the cause of chronic renal failure. In these patients it is of importance to modify the drug dosage or to abandon the prophylaxis when it interferes with the metabolic changes of renal function impairment. Some agents require no modification, others minor or major modifications. Some are even contraindicated. Hazards of stone prophylaxis in chronic renal failure: Acidification - cave metabolic acidosis! Cave RTA! Antibiotic agents - special rules to prevent accumulation. Thiazides - contraindicated! Hypokalemia; hyperuricemia; cave HPT! Triamterene - contraindicated! Acetazolamide (cystinuria) - contraindicated. Spironolactone - contraindicated. Sodium-cellulose-phosphate - Hyperoxaluria, hypomagnesiuria , hyperphosphatemia, cave HPT. Orthophosphate - cave urinary infection, cave poor renal function, cave obstruction. Allopurinol - dose reduction advisable. Brenzbromaron - contraindicated.

• Authors: R Hautmann
• Journal: Der Urologe. Ausg. A (Urologe A) Vol. 23 Issue 2 Pg. 82-6 (Mar 1984) ISSN: 0340-2592 [Print] Germany
• Vernacular Title: Steinrezidiv-Prophylaxe bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion.
• PMID: 6539025 (Publication Type: English Abstract, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Calcium Phosphates
• Electrolytes
• alpha-tricalcium phosphate
• tetracalcium phosphate
• Uric Acid
• calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous
• calcium phosphate
• calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous

Topics

• Acid-Base Equilibrium
• Acidosis, Renal Tubular (physiopathology)
• Calcium Phosphates (urine)
• Electrolytes (urine)
• Humans
• Kidney (physiopathology)
• Kidney Calculi (physiopathology, prevention & control)
• Kidney Failure, Chronic (physiopathology)
• Kidney Function Tests
• Recurrence
• Uric Acid (urine)