In two separate trials male and female Wistar rats, 12 weeks of age, were either killed as a preliminary control group, ad lib.-fed or undernourished for 4 weeks until one-third of their 12-week
body-weight was lost. Food intakes, urinary and faecal collections and measurements of standard metabolic rate were made at one-weekly intervals on both the ad lib.-fed and undernourished animals of both sexes. The bodies of the preliminary controls, the ad lib.-fed and the undernourished animals of both sexes were analysed for
protein and fat, and the weights of four fat depots, two muscles and the major organs of all groups were determined. Measurements of
lipid synthesis rate (LSR) and
lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) (LPL) activity in the four fat depots and measurements of whole-body
protein synthesis rates were carried out on animals of both sexes in each group. Although both sexes lost the same proportion of
body-weight the females required more food on a
body-weight basis than the males during the
undernutrition period. The females absorbed significantly more energy on a
body-weight basis during
undernutrition and so were less efficient than the males at withstanding nutritional stress. There were no significant differences between males and females, on a
body-weight basis, in the excretion of nitrogenous
waste products (urinary
nitrogen,
creatinine,
hydroxyproline or NT-
methylhistidine) suggesting that there were no differences between the sexes in
protein sparing during
undernutrition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)