Evaluation of diallate and triallate herbicides for genotoxic effects in a battery of in vitro and short-term in vivo tests.

Abstract

Commercial-grade preparations of two thiocarbamate herbicides, diallate and triallate, were evaluated for their mutagenic potential in a battery of short-term bioassays. All in vitro bioassays were performed with and without mammalian metabolic activation, and all such tests were repeated after an interval of at least 1 week. Diallate and triallate were tested in the Salmonella/microsome assay over dose ranges of 0.59 to 118.0 micrograms/plate and 6.37 to 1273 micrograms/plate, respectively. Both diallate and triallate gave positive results in S. typhimurium strains TA1535, TA98, and TA100 only in the presence of a rat-liver metabolic activation system. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7, diallate was tested at concentrations from 1.18 to 29.50 micrograms/ml, and triallate was tested at 0.955 to 9.548 micrograms/ml. Both diallate and triallate gave negative results for mitotic gene conversion, mitotic crossing-over, and reverse mutation. In the mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK+/- assay, diallate was tested at concentrations ranging from 1 to 72 micrograms/ml, and triallate was tested at 0.5 to 60 micrograms/ml. Both herbicides produced mutagenic responses in the mouse lymphoma assay in the presence of metabolic activation. In the Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal test, flies were exposed to 0.0004% diallate and 0.001% triallate. In this assay, diallate was considered mutagenic, whereas triallate did not produce a detectable mutagenic response.

• Authors: S S Sandhu, M D Waters, K E Mortelmans, E L Evans, M M Jotz, A D Mitchell, V Kasica
• Journal: Mutation research (Mutat Res) Vol. 136 Issue 3 Pg. 173-83 (Jun 1984) ISSN: 0027-5107 [Print] Netherlands
• PMID: 6330544 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Herbicides
• Mutagens
• Thiocarbamates
• di-allate
• Triallate
• Thymidine Kinase

Topics

• Animals
• Biotransformation
• Herbicides (toxicity)
• Leukemia L5178 (enzymology)
• Microsomes, Liver (metabolism)
• Mutagenicity Tests
• Mutagens
• Mutation
• Rats
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae (drug effects)
• Salmonella typhimurium (drug effects)
• Thiocarbamates (toxicity)
• Thymidine Kinase (genetics)
• Triallate (toxicity)