[Need for the determination of chloramphenicol levels in the treatment of bacterial-purulent meningitis with chloramphenicol succinate in infants and small children].

Abstract

17 cases of purulent meningitis in 15 children, aged 1 day to 5 years (median 8 months) were treated with continuous i.v. infusion of chloramphenicol succinate. Free chloramphenicol in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (C.F.) was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CF chloramphenicol levels averaged 45 +/- 14% of the serum level. Out of 16 patients only five received the usually recommended dosage. In three others because of initially or progressively high serum levels the dose had to be diminished. In eight others because of subtherapeutic levels the dose had to be raised. The highest dose (390 mg/kg body weight/d) was required in a 2 month old boy. He was shown to have a clearance rate for free chloramphenicol considerably higher than has been reported so far. Maturation of the metabolism could be observed in a small-for-date newborn who acquired a grey baby syndrome during the treatment of his first meningitis. Several weeks later he required exactly the recommended dose to reach therapeutic chloramphenicol levels. As a consequence of these observations we strongly recommend meticulous drug monitoring of chloramphenicol in order to meet the large biological variations seen particularly in neonates and young infants in their capacity to reach and maintain therapeutic serum levels.

• Authors: J Forster, C Hufschmidt, H Niederhoff, W Künzer
• Journal: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde (Monatsschr Kinderheilkd) Vol. 133 Issue 4 Pg. 209-13 (Apr 1985) ISSN: 0026-9298 [Print] Germany
• Vernacular Title: Die Notwendigkeit von Chloramphenicol-Spiegelbestimmungen während der Behandlung bakteriell-eitriger Meningitiden bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern mit Chloramphenicol-Succinat.
• PMID: 4000136 (Publication Type: Case Reports, English Abstract, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Chloramphenicol
• chloramphenicol succinate

Topics

• Bacterial Infections (drug therapy)
• Child, Preschool
• Chloramphenicol (analogs & derivatives, blood, therapeutic use)
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Infant, Newborn
• Kinetics
• Male
• Meningitis (blood, drug therapy)
• Metabolic Clearance Rate