Twelve homosexual patients with
Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (
AIDS) were treated with a preparation of purified human
lymphoblastoid interferon (
Wellferon [Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC]). They were given a dose of 20 X 10(6) U/m2 intramuscularly daily for approximately two months. Responders continued their treatment on a maintenance schedule of 20 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week. Four patients experienced complete remissions, and four experienced partial remissions that resulted in a total response rate of 67%. The median
duration of treatment was 14 weeks (7 to 28+ weeks), and the median response duration was 28+ weeks (19 to 29+ weeks). Of the four patients
in complete remission, one relapsed at 25 weeks and one at 26 weeks; the other two remained
in complete remission at 28 and 29+ weeks. The clinical toxicity consisted of
chills,
fever,
fatigue, and
asthenia. Hematologic toxicity was similar to that previously described for other preparations of
alpha-interferon and consisted of moderate
leukopenia and
thrombocytopenia.
Asthenia, a condition present in all 12 patients, was severe in 50%. A minimal
tumor burden, the absence of circulating
interferon before treatment, and a performance status of greater than or equal to 90% on the Karnofsky scale were related to an improved response rate. Measurement of immunologic parameters showed significant declines in the already impaired T cell levels, lymphocyte blastogenic response to
concanavalin A, monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and monocyte-adherence. Activation of natural killer cells was not noted, and no life-threatening
infections occurred during treatment. These data suggest that human
lymphoblastoid interferon is an active agent in the treatment of
Kaposi's sarcoma, and its use warrants further study in a larger number of patients.