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Naloxone does not improve hemodynamics following graded hemorrhage in a canine model.

Abstract
Two recent studies have demonstrated no improvement in hemodynamic parameters or survival following naloxone administration in hemorrhagic shock. This finding is in contrast to those of earlier studies, which consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect. The current study evaluated naloxone's ability to improve hemodynamics when administered following a fixed-volume hemorrhage, during a period of partial hemodynamic compensation. Thirteen conditioned beagles were anesthetized with pentobarbital (25 mg/kg intravenously), endotracheally intubated, and instrumented with a femoral arterial line and a pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter. Animals were then subjected to an estimated 50% graded hemorrhage (45 ml/kg) over one hour. Following hemorrhage, animals were observed for 90 minutes, then reinfused with shed blood over 30 minutes, and finally observed for an additional 60 minutes. Six animals received naloxone (2 mg/kg intravenously) 30 minutes after completion of hemorrhage and then 2 mg/kg/hr for the duration of the study. Seven control animals received an equivalent volume of saline. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and serum lactate level were measured at regular intervals throughout the study. Cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index were calculated at the same intervals. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean data values for mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, or lactate, although lactate values were consistently higher in the naloxone group (two-tailed independent Student's t test). We conclude that naloxone does not significantly improve hemodynamics when administered after a fixed-volume hemorrhage.
AuthorsS L Gin, S C Dronen, S A Syverud, W G Barsan, C A Cunningham
JournalThe American journal of emergency medicine (Am J Emerg Med) Vol. 5 Issue 6 Pg. 478-82 (Nov 1987) ISSN: 0735-6757 [Print] United States
PMID3663287 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Lactates
  • Naloxone
Topics
  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure (drug effects)
  • Cardiac Output (drug effects)
  • Dogs
  • Heart Rate (drug effects)
  • Hemodynamics (drug effects)
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Lactates (blood)
  • Naloxone (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Shock, Hemorrhagic (drug therapy)
  • Vascular Resistance (drug effects)

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