Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a very rare cause of adrenal incidentalomas in Sweden.

Abstract

Background:

Undiagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can cause adrenal incidentalomas, but the frequency is unclear.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CAH in a population with adrenal incidentalomas and report the clinical characterization.

Material and methods:

This was a prospective study performed at a regional hospital from 2016 to 2021. Patients with adrenal incidentalomas were investigated with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulation test in addition to hormonal workup. Serum cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) were analyzed. Individuals with a basal or stimulated 17OHP ≥30 nmol/L were classified as suspicious non-classic CAH, and a CYP21A2-gene analysis was performed in these subjects.

Results:

In total, 320 individuals with adrenal incidentalomas were referred to the center, and of these individuals, an ACTH-stimulation test was performed in 222 (median age, 67 (24-87) years; 58.6% women; and 11.7% with bilateral lesions). None of the individuals presented a basal 17OHP ≥30 nmol/L, but there were 8 (3.6%) who did after ACTH stimulation. Four of these subjects (50%) presented bilateral lesions, and the tumor size was larger compared to that of the individuals with a stimulated 17OHP <30 nmol/L (median, 38 (19-66) vs. 19 (11-85) mm, p=0.001). A CYP21A2 variation (p.Val282Leu) was detected in one of the eight subjects with a stimulated 17OHP ≥30 nmol/L, i.e., the patient was a heterozygotic carrier. None of the eight subjects presented with cortisol insufficiency or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of non-classic CAH in an adrenal incidentaloma cohort was 3.6% based on stimulated 17OHP and 0% based on gene analysis. CAH should be considered in AI management in selected cases and confirmed by genetic analysis.

• Authors: Fredrik Sahlander, Sophie Bensing, Henrik Falhammar
• Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology (Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) Vol. 13 Pg. 1017303 ( 2022) ISSN: 1664-2392 [Print] Switzerland
• PMID: 36545328 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Sahlander, Bensing and Falhammar.

Chemical References

• 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
• CYP21A2 protein, human
• Hydrocortisone
• Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Topics

• Aged
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
• Adrenal Gland Neoplasms (complications, epidemiology, genetics)
• Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital (complications, diagnosis, epidemiology)
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
• Hydrocortisone
• Prospective Studies
• Steroid 21-Hydroxylase (genetics)
• Sweden
• Young Adult
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Aged, 80 and over