Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of
lung cancer cases, calls for better
therapy. Yi-Fei-San-Jie-pill (YFSJ), a well-applicated
traditional Chinese medicine formula, was reported to be effective in the treatment of NSCLC. However, its anti-
tumor mechanism still needs to be fully elucidated. Herein, a reliable preclinical orthotopic but not subcutaneous model of NSCLC in mice was established to evaluate the anti-
cancer properties and further validate the mechanisms of YFSJ. A bioinformatic analysis was executed to identify the potential targets and key pathways of YFSJ on NSCLC. In detail, the anti-
tumor effect of YFSJ and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was evaluated according to the
tumor fluorescence value and comparison of different groups' survival times. As a result, YFSJ markedly decreased
tumor size and prolonged survival time in contrast with those in the orthotopic model group (p < 0.05), and it also significantly regulated the
protein expression levels of apoptosis- and
autophagy-related proteins. In conclusion, this study provides convincing evidence that YFSJ could inhibit the growth of
tumors and prolong the survival time of
tumor-bearing mice based on the NSCLC orthotopic model, and its anti-
tumor effect was closely associated with the promotion of apoptosis and interference of autophagy coupled with regulation of immune infiltration.