Fluoride is an important
trace element in the living body. A suitable amount of
fluoride has a beneficial effect on the body, but disproportionate
fluoride entering the body will affect various organs and systems, especially the liver, kidneys, nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system, bone, and intestinal system. In recent years, with the rapid development of agriculture and industry,
fluoride pollution has become one of the important factors of environmental pollution, and
fluoride pollution in any form is becoming a serious problem. Although countries around the world have made great breakthroughs in controlling
fluoride pollution, however fluorosis still exists. A large amount of
fluoride accumulated in animals will not only produce the toxic effects, but it also causes cell damage and affect the normal physiological activities of the body. There is no systematic description of the damage mechanism of
fluoride. Therefore, the study on the toxicity mechanism of
fluoride is still in progress. This review summarizes the existing information of several molecular mechanisms of the
fluoride toxicity comprehensively, aiming to clarify the toxic mechanism of
fluoride on various body systems. We have also summerized the pathological changes of those organ systems after
fluoride poisoning in order to provide some ideas and solutions to the reader for the prevention and control of modern
fluoride pollution.