Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone
tumor in children and young people. Traditional surgical excision combined with
chemotherapy presents many limitations, such as resistance and systemic side effects of
chemotherapy drugs, postoperative recurrence, and bone defects. Given these limitations, novel therapeutic modalities for OS treatment using nanometer-sized platform-based chemotherapeutic delivery have emerged as a promising alternative
therapy. This form of
therapy offers multiple advantages, such as accurate delivery of the drug to the
tumor site and repair of limited bone defects after
tumor resection. In this review, we briefly summarize nanoplatforms, including
liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, nanomicelles,
dendrimers,
nanocapsules, and exosomes. The essential shortcomings involved in these nanoplatforms, such as poor stability, immunogenicity, insufficient circulation, and drug leakage are also discussed, and related solutions are briefly proposed. Finally, the application prospects of nanoplatforms in the treatment of OS are discussed.