Carotid and
vertebral artery dissections are estimated to account for ∼20% of
strokes in patients under 45-years-old. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of treatment with
anticoagulants versus
antiplatelet agents to determine the optimal
therapy. We searched 4 electronic databases for clinical trials published from January 1, 1980 to August 25, 2021 that included patients who received
anticoagulant or antiplatelet
therapy for carotid and/or
vertebral artery dissections. The curative effect was judged by recanalization evaluated by imaging. The primary outcomes were all cause death and
ischemic stroke; secondary outcomes included
hemorrhage and
transient ischemic attack (TIA). Patients who received only a single
drug treatment were divided into antiplatelet or
anticoagulant groups; all received
conservative treatment without surgical intervention. For this investigation, we pooled the available studies to conduct a meta-analysis, which included 7 articles with 1126 patients. The curative effect of vascular recanalization was not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.913, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.611-1.365, P = .657); similarly, no significant differences were found regarding the primary outcomes all cause death (OR = 1.747, 95%CI: 0.202-15.079, P = .612) and
ischemic stroke (OR = 2.289, 95%CI: 0.997-5.254, P = .051). Patients treated with
anticoagulants were more likely to experience TIA (OR = 0.517, 95%CI: 0.252-1.060, P = .072) and
hemorrhage (OR = 0.468, 95%CI: 0.210-1.042, P = .063), but the differences were not statistically significant. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between
anticoagulant therapy and antiplatelet
therapy for the treatment of carotid and
vertebral artery dissections.