Palmitic acid-rich oils with and without interesterification lower postprandial lipemia and increase atherogenic lipoproteins compared with a MUFA-rich oil: A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Interesterified (IE) fats are widely used in place of trans fats; however, little is known about their metabolism.

OBJECTIVES:

To test the impact of a commonly consumed IE compared with a non-IE equivalent fat on in vivo postprandial and in vitro lipid metabolism, compared with a reference oil [rapeseed oil (RO)].

METHODS:

A double-blinded, 3-phase crossover, randomized controlled trial was performed in healthy adults (n = 20) aged 45-75 y. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol and lipoprotein responses (including stable isotope tracing) to a test meal (50 g fat) were evaluated over 8 h. The test fats were IE 80:20 palm stearin/palm kernel fat, an identical non-IE fat, and RO (control). In vitro, mechanisms of digestion were explored using a dynamic gastric model (DGM).

RESULTS:

Plasma triacylglycerol 8-h incremental area under the curves were lower following non-IE compared with RO [-1.7 mmol/L⋅h (95% CI: -3.3, -0.0)], but there were no differences between IE and RO or IE and non-IE. LDL particles were smaller following IE and non-IE compared with RO (P = 0.005). Extra extra large, extra large, and large VLDL particle concentrations were higher following IE and non-IE compared with RO at 6-8 h (P < 0.05). No differences in the appearance of [13C]palmitic acid in plasma triacylglycerol were observed between IE and non-IE fats. DGM revealed differences in phase separation of the IE and non-IE meals and delayed release of SFAs compared with RO.

CONCLUSIONS:

Interesterification did not modify fat digestion, postprandial lipemia, or lipid metabolism measured by stable isotope and DGM analysis. Despite the lower lipemia following the SFA-rich fats, increased proatherogenic large triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein remnant and small LDL particles following the SFA-rich fats relative to RO adds a new postprandial dimension to the mechanistic evidence linking SFAs to cardiovascular disease risk.

• Authors: Charlotte E Mills, Scott V Harding, Mariam Bapir, Giuseppina Mandalari, Louise J Salt, Robert Gray, Barbara A Fielding, Peter J Wilde, Wendy L Hall, Sarah E Berry
• Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition (Am J Clin Nutr) Vol. 113 Issue 5 Pg. 1221-1231 (05 08 2021) ISSN: 1938-3207 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33675343 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

Chemical References

• Apolipoprotein B-48
• Chylomicrons
• Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
• Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
• Lipoproteins
• Triglycerides
• Palmitic Acid

Topics

• Aged
• Apolipoprotein B-48
• Atherosclerosis (chemically induced)
• Chylomicrons (chemistry)
• Cross-Over Studies
• Dietary Fats, Unsaturated (administration & dosage, adverse effects, analysis)
• Double-Blind Method
• Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Female
• Humans
• Hyperlipidemias (chemically induced)
• Lipoproteins (blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Palmitic Acid (administration & dosage, adverse effects, chemistry)
• Postprandial Period
• Triglycerides