Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Understanding mid-term kinetics of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is the cornerstone for public health control of the pandemic and vaccine development. However, current evidence is rather based on limited measurements, losing sight of the temporal pattern of these changes.

METHODS:

We conducted a longitudinal analysis on a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients followed up for >6 months. Neutralizing activity was evaluated using HIV reporter pseudoviruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 S protein. IgG antibody titer was evaluated by ELISA against the S2 subunit, the receptor binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (NP). Statistical analyses were carried out using mixed-effects models.

FINDINGS:

We found that individuals with mild or asymptomatic infection experienced an insignificant decay in neutralizing activity, which persisted 6 months after symptom onset or diagnosis. Hospitalized individuals showed higher neutralizing titers, which decreased following a 2-phase pattern, with an initial rapid decline that significantly slowed after day 80. Despite this initial decay, neutralizing activity at 6 months remained higher among hospitalized individuals compared to mild symptomatic. The slow decline in neutralizing activity at mid-term contrasted with the steep slope of anti-RBD, S2, or NP antibody titers, all of them showing a constant decline over the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results reinforce the hypothesis that the quality of the neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 evolves over the post-convalescent stage.

• Authors: Edwards Pradenas, Benjamin Trinité, Víctor Urrea, Silvia Marfil, Carlos Ávila-Nieto, María Luisa Rodríguez de la Concepción, Ferran Tarrés-Freixas, Silvia Pérez-Yanes, Carla Rovirosa, Erola Ainsua-Enrich, Jordi Rodon, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés, Victor Guallar, Alfonso Valencia, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Anna Chamorro, Marta Massanella, Jorge Carrillo, Bonaventura Clotet, Julià Blanco
• Journal: Med (New York, N.Y.) (Med) Vol. 2 Issue 3 Pg. 313-320.e4 (03 12 2021) ISSN: 2666-6340 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33554155 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Topics

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• COVID-19
• Humans
• Prospective Studies
• SARS-CoV-2
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus