RNA N6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase METTL3 Facilitates Colorectal Cancer by Activating the m6A-GLUT1-mTORC1 Axis and Is a Therapeutic Target.

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS:

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has recently emerged as a new regulatory mechanism in cancer progression. We aimed to explore the role of the m6A regulatory enzyme METTL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.

METHODS:

The expression and clinical implication of METTL3 were investigated in multiple human CRC cohorts. The underlying mechanisms of METTL3 in CRC were investigated by integrative m6A sequencing, RNA sequencing, and ribosome profiling analyses. The efficacy of targeting METTL3 in CRC treatment was elucidated in CRC cell lines, patient-derived CRC organoids, and Mettl3-knockout mouse models.

RESULTS:

Using targeted clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 dropout screening, we identified METTL3 as the top essential m6A regulatory enzyme in CRC. METTL3 was overexpressed in 62.2% (79/127) and 88.0% (44/50) of primary CRCs from 2 independent cohorts. High METTL3 expression predicted poor survival in patients with CRC (n = 374, P < .01). Functionally, silencing METTL3 suppressed tumorigenesis in CRC cells, human-derived primary CRC organoids, and Mettl3-knockout mouse models. We discovered the novel functional m6A methyltransferase domain of METTL3 in CRC cells by domain-focused CRISPR screening and mutagenesis assays. Mechanistically, METTL3 directly induced the m6A-GLUT1-mTORC1 axis as identified by integrated m6A sequencing, RNA sequencing, ribosome sequencing, and functional validation. METTL3 induced GLUT1 translation in an m6A-dependent manner, which subsequently promoted glucose uptake and lactate production, leading to the activation of mTORC1 signaling and CRC development. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC1 potentiated the anticancer effect of METTL3 silencing in CRC patient-derived organoids and METTL3 transgenic mouse models.

CONCLUSIONS:

METTL3 promotes CRC by activating the m6A-GLUT1-mTORC1 axis. METTL3 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.

• Authors: Huarong Chen, Shanshan Gao, Weixin Liu, Chi-Chun Wong, Jianfeng Wu, Jingtong Wu, Dabin Liu, Hongyan Gou, Wei Kang, Jianning Zhai, Chuangen Li, Hao Su, Shiyan Wang, Fraser Soares, Jiahuai Han, Housheng Hansen He, Jun Yu
• Journal: Gastroenterology (Gastroenterology) Vol. 160 Issue 4 Pg. 1284-1300.e16 (03 2021) ISSN: 1528-0012 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33217448 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Observational Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Glucose Transporter Type 1
• SLC2A1 protein, human
• Dextran Sulfate
• N-methyladenosine
• Methyltransferases
• Mettl3 protein, mouse
• METTL3 protein, human
• Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
• Adenosine
• Azoxymethane

Topics

• Adenosine (analogs & derivatives, metabolism)
• Aged
• Animals
• Azoxymethane (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Carcinogenesis
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cohort Studies
• Colorectal Neoplasms (chemically induced, genetics, mortality, pathology)
• DNA Methylation
• Dextran Sulfate (administration & dosage, toxicity)
• Female
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Gene Knockdown Techniques
• Glucose Transporter Type 1 (genetics)
• Humans
• Male
• Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (metabolism)
• Methyltransferases (genetics, metabolism)
• Mice, Knockout
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasms, Experimental (chemically induced, genetics, pathology)
• Signal Transduction (genetics)
• Up-Regulation
• Mice