Sparganii Rhizoma: A review of traditional clinical application, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity.

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Sparganii Rhizoma (SR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham. mainly distributed in East Asia. It has been used for eliminating blood stasis, promoting the flow of Qi, removing the retention of undigested food and relieving pain in China for hundreds of years.

AIM OF THE REVIEW:

This review summarizes comprehensive information in traditional clinical application, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and toxicity of SR, in exploring future scientific and therapeutic potentials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Pertinent information was systematically collected from several electronic scientific databases (e.g., Web of Science, PubMed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, Springer, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), PhD and MS dissertations, and classic Chinese medical books.

RESULTS:

SR is a gynecological drug which is often used to treat dysmenorrhea, mass in the abdomen, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, and abdominal distension in TCM. Two kinds of processed products of SR are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which have better pharmacological effects than the crude herb. Approximately 180 compounds have been identified from SR, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, organic acids, alkaloids, steroids, volatile oils, diarylheptanes, etc. The crude extracts and isolated components of SR have been reported to have anti-tumor, antithrombotic, estrogen antagonistic , anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti organ fibrosis and other pharmacological activities. SR also has reproductive toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:

As an important TCM, SR has been demonstrated by modern pharmacological researches to have significant bioactivities, especially on anti-tumor, antithrombotic, and estrogen antagonistic activities. These activities provide prospects for the development of new drugs and therapeutics for future applications. Nevertheless, quality control and evaluation, in-depth pharmacological mechanism, and toxicological effect of SR require further detailed research.

• Authors: Jia Jia, Xiang Li, Xueyang Ren, Xiaoyun Liu, Yu Wang, Ying Dong, Xiaoping Wang, Siqi Sun, Xiao Xu, Xiao Li, Ruolan Song, Jiamu Ma, Axiang Yu, Qiqi Fan, Jing Wei, Xin Yan, Xiuhuan Wang, Gaimei She
• Journal: Journal of ethnopharmacology (J Ethnopharmacol) Vol. 268 Pg. 113571 (Mar 25 2021) ISSN: 1872-7573 [Electronic] Ireland
• PMID: 33181282 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal
• Fibrinolytic Agents
• Phytochemicals

Topics

• Animals
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (chemistry, therapeutic use, toxicity)
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal (chemistry, therapeutic use, toxicity)
• Ethnopharmacology (methods)
• Fibrinolytic Agents (chemistry, therapeutic use, toxicity)
• Humans
• Medicine, Chinese Traditional (methods)
• Phytochemicals (chemistry, therapeutic use, toxicity)
• Rhizome