Multimodal stratified imaging of nanovaccines in lymph nodes for improving cancer immunotherapy.

Abstract

Vaccines hold enormous potential in cancer immunotherapy by stimulating the body's immune response; unfortunately, the clinical response rates of cancer vaccines are less than 30%. Nanovaccines show the potential to enhance the treatment efficacy of conventional vaccines due to their unique properties, such as efficient co-delivery of cocktail to the secondary lymphatic system, high tumor accumulation and penetration, and customizable delivery of antigens and adjuvants. Meanwhile, the non-invasive visualization of vaccines after their delivery can yield information about in vivo distribution and performance, and aid in their subsequent optimization and translational studies. In this review, we summarize the strategies for the spatiotemporal visualization of nanovaccines in lymph nodes, including whole-body in vivo imaging, intravital organ/cell imaging, and ex vivo tissue/cell imaging. The application of imaging modalities in nanovaccine development is discussed. Moreover, strategies to achieve different combinations of imaging modalities are proposed.

• Authors: Rui Tian, Chaomin Ke, Lang Rao, Joseph Lau, Xiaoyuan Chen
• Journal: Advanced drug delivery reviews (Adv Drug Deliv Rev) Vol. 161-162 Pg. 145-160 ( 2020) ISSN: 1872-8294 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 32827558 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Review)
• Copyright: Published by Elsevier B.V.

Chemical References

• Adjuvants, Immunologic
• Antigens, Neoplasm
• Cancer Vaccines

Topics

• Adjuvants, Immunologic
• Animals
• Antigen-Presenting Cells (metabolism)
• Antigens, Neoplasm (biosynthesis)
• Cancer Vaccines (administration & dosage, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology)
• Dendritic Cells (metabolism)
• Diagnostic Imaging (methods)
• Humans
• Immunotherapy (methods)
• Lymph Nodes (drug effects, immunology)
• Multimodal Imaging
• Nanoparticles
• T-Lymphocytes (metabolism)
• T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic (metabolism)