Role of electrolyte abnormalities and unmeasured anions in the metabolic acid-base abnormalities in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The strong ion model (SIM) is an alternative paradigm in the characterization of acid-base disturbances particularly in complex disorders.

HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES:

To compare the acid-base changes in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (PE) using the Henderson-Hasselbalch (HH) approach, with 2 strong ion approaches.

ANIMALS:

Forty-four dogs with PE, and 16 age-matched control dogs.

METHODS:

Prospective controlled observational study. Acid-base status was evaluated using the HH model, Fencl-Stewart (FS) approach and a validated strong ion model (VDM). The acid-base changes according to each model were classified and compared. Statistical correlations between pH, CO2 , and various SIM variables were performed, as well as between the sum of effects (SOE) of the SIM and the individual variables comprising the SOE.

RESULTS:

The HH model identified acid-base disorders in 31/44 cases of which 16/31 were mixed with metabolic acidosis and concurrent respiratory alkalosis the most common (10/31). Using the FS approach, metabolic changes were present 36/42 cases, with changes in free water (FW), chloride, and unmeasured anions (UA) being the most prevalent. Both FW and UA correlated well with pH; however, UA were most consistently abnormal in severe acidemia. Similarly to the HH, the VDM detected acid-base disturbances in 28/44 cases. Major contributors to the acid-base changes were hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and Atot acidosis because of elevated globulins and increased UA.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE:

Acid-base changes are common and complex in dogs with PE, and were easier to understand using a SIM paradigm. Increases in UA have not been documented in PE in dogs.

• Authors: Richard K Burchell, Arnon Gal, Ryan Friedlein, Andrew L Leisewitz
• Journal: Journal of veterinary internal medicine (J Vet Intern Med) Vol. 34 Issue 2 Pg. 857-866 (Mar 2020) ISSN: 1939-1676 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32133703 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Observational Study, Veterinary)
• Copyright: © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Chemical References

• Anions

Topics

• Acid-Base Imbalance (metabolism, veterinary)
• Animals
• Anions (metabolism)
• Blood Gas Analysis
• Case-Control Studies
• Dog Diseases (blood, metabolism)
• Dogs
• Enteritis (metabolism, veterinary)
• Parvoviridae Infections (metabolism, veterinary)
• Prospective Studies