Tetrachloro(d,l-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexane
platinum (IV) (
tetraplatin), a new
platinum analogue, showed greater therapeutic efficacy after i.p. administration than either
cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (
cisplatin) or cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate
platinum (II) (
carboplatin) in mice bearing i.p. implanted
L1210 leukemia. At an optimal dose of 5.7 mg/kg/injection given as a single dose on days 1, 5, and 9,
tetraplatin increased the median life span over controls by more than 566% with 5 of 8 long-term (50-day) survivors. In contrast,
cisplatin at the same optimal dose increased survival by 186% with 2 of 8 long-term survivors, and
carboplatin at an optimal dose of 75.6 mg/kg/injection increased survival by only 120% with no long-term survivors.
Tetraplatin also was more effective than
cisplatin when treatment was delayed until days 3, 7, and 11 after i.p. implant. A combination of
tetraplatin and
Adriamycin in mice bearing i.p. implanted
L1210 leukemia produced more long-term survivors over a wider range of doses than could be achieved with either
drug alone.
Tetraplatin at 5.7 mg/kg/injection and
Adriamycin at 3 mg/kg/injection on days 1, 5, and 9 increased survival by more than 566% with 8 of 8 50-day survivors. Using the same treatment schedule, combinations of
tetraplatin with either
cisplatin,
carboplatin,
daunomycin, or
5-fluorouracil did not produce therapeutic efficacy greater than that seen with
tetraplatin alone. The in vitro cellular uptake of
platinum by L1210 cells at 37 degrees C was about 4-fold higher after exposure to
tetraplatin compared to
cisplatin following a 2-h incubation at the two concentrations examined (2.5 and 5 micrograms/ml). Comparative pharmacological studies were performed in rats at a single dose of 3 mg/kg i.v. The t1/2 beta for total
platinum in plasma was 29.10 h (7.47 h for unbound
platinum) after the administration of
tetraplatin and 23.70 h (13.09 h for unbound
platinum) after
cisplatin. By 48 h the urinary excretion of
platinum after
tetraplatin and
cisplatin was 30.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Tissue distribution of
platinum was similar after either complex. Thus,
tetraplatin has similar pharmacological properties to
cisplatin and like
cisplatin is a candidate for
combination chemotherapy. However,
tetraplatin may be superior to
cisplatin in some therapeutic situations based on its greater efficacy against selected
tumors.